SynthesisBMC musculoskeletal disorders2015
The design evolution of interbody cages in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a systematic review.
Synthesis in BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04214535 (Anterior Cervical Disectomy And Fusion Using The Tritanium® C Anterior Cervical Cage For One Or Two-Levels), which is not on this map. Cited by 80 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Anterior Cervical Disectomy And Fusion Using The Tritanium® C Anterior Cervical Cage For One Or Two-Levels: A Clinical And Radiographic Analysis Pilot Study
Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 160 citations in OpenAlex.
- Titanium (Ti) cages may be superior to polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cages in lumbar interbody fusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical and radiological outcomes of spinal interbody fusions using Ti versus PEEK cages.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2021Pooled it
- 3D-printed spine surgery implants: a systematic review of the efficacy and clinical safety profile of patient-specific and off-the-shelf devices.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2020Pooled it
- Zero-profile anchored cage reduces risk of postoperative dysphagia compared with cage with plate fixation after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2017Pooled it
- Titanium/Polyetheretherketone Cages for Cervical Arthrodesis with Degenerative and Traumatic Pathologies: Early Clinical Outcomes and Fusion Rates.Orthopaedic surgery · 2016Trial
- Is a central cavity necessary for bioactive glass-ceramic spacers in plated ACDF? A retrospective comparison of solid versus cavity designs.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2026Article
- Three-dimensional morphometry and clinical implications of the atlantoaxial lateral mass joint: a study of sexual dimorphism.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Article
- Biomechanical comparison of two-screw and four-screw zero-profile fusion devices in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion using finite element analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Efficacy of anti-osteoporosis therapy after anterior surgery for cervical spinal tuberculosis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Article
- Design of 3D-printed hydroxyapatite intervertebral fusion cages in a patient specific framework.Medical & biological engineering & computing · 2026Article
- Clinical and radiographic outcomes of three-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion using allograft cellular bone matrix.Journal of spine surgery (Hong Kong) · 2026Article
- Evaluation of a Novel Flexible Cage System for C5-C6 Fixation: A Finite Element Study Against Conventional ACDF Implants.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Influence of cage material, plating and vertebral bone quality on subsidence and long-term outcomes following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion-a retrospective analysis.Journal of spine surgery (Hong Kong) · 2026Article
- Impact of cage type on subsidence following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a retrospective study.Asian spine journal · 2026Article
- Is Ti-Coated PEEK Superior to PEEK for Lumbar and Cervical Fusion Procedures? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Ex vivo biomechanical testing of a three-dimensional printed titanium plate and spacer construct and 4.5 mm locking compression plate for ventral cervical fusion of C4-C5 in the horse.Veterinary surgery : VS · 2025Article
- Predictors of Implant Subsidence and Its Impact on Cervical Alignment Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Endplate preparation for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: does the amount of endplate removed affect cage subsidence risk?European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2025Article
- Hidden blood loss in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with zero-profile anchored spacer for the treatment of cervical radiculopathy.Joint diseases and related surgery · 2025Article
- Biomechanical Effects of Zero-P Height on Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Finite Element Study.Orthopaedic surgery · 2025Article
- Efficacy of Allograft Versus Bioactive Glass-Ceramic Cage in Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Randomized Controlled Study.Global spine journal · 2025Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAnterior cervical discectomy with fusion is a common surgical procedure for patients experiencing pain and/or neurological deficits due to cervical spondylosis. Although iliac crest bone graft remains the gold standard today, the associated morbidity has inspired the search for alternatives, including allograft, synthetic and factor/cell-based grafts; and has further led to a focus on cage fusion technology. Compared to their graft counterparts, cage interbody implants have enhanced biomechanical properties, with designs constantly improving to maximise biocompatibility and osseointegration. We present a systematic review examining the historical progress of implant designs and performance, as well as an update on the currently available designs, and the potential future of cervical interbody implants.
methodsWe performed a systematic review using the keywords "cervical fusion implant design", with no limits on year of publication. Databases used were PubMed, Medline, Embase and Cochrane. In addition, the search was extended to the reference lists of selected articles.
results180 articles were reviewed and 64 articles were eligible for inclusion. Exclusion criteria were based around study design, implant information and patient cohorts. The evolution of cage implant design has been shaped by improved understanding of ideal anatomy, progress in materials research and continuing experimentation of structural design. Originally, designs varied primarily in their choice of structure, however long-term studies have displayed the overall advantages of non-threaded, wedge shaped cages in complementing healthy anatomical profiles, and thus focus has shifted to refining material utilisation and streamlining anterior fixation.
conclusionsEvolution of design has been dramatic over the past decades; however an ideal cage design has yet to be realised. Current research is focusing on the promotion of osseointegration through bioactiviation of surface materials, as well as streamlining anterior fixation with the introduction of integrated screws and zero profile designs. Future designs will benefit from a combination of these advances in order to achieve ideal disc heights, cervical alignments and fusions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.