ReviewNature reviews. Cancer2015
Mechanisms of aromatase inhibitor resistance.
Review in Nature reviews. Cancer, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 230 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
230 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 417 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors in combination with neoadjuvant endocrine therapy in estrogen receptor-positive early breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Pooled it
- HDAC inhibitor tucidinostat and metronomic capecitabine plus endocrine therapy for patients with HR-positive HER2-negative advanced breast cancer after CDK4/6 inhibitors treatment: clinical findings and exploratory circulating tumor cell and ctDNA biomarker analyses of a multicenter, phase 2 study (SYSUCC-020 trial).Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Trial
- Palazestrant, a novel oral Complete Estrogen Receptor Antagonist (CERAN) and Selective Estrogen Receptor Degrader (SERD), in patients with ER+/HER2- advanced or metastatic breast cancer: phase 1/2 study results.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Trial
- Capivasertib plus fulvestrant in patients with HR-positive/HER2-negative advanced breast cancer: phase 3 CAPItello-291 study extended Chinese cohort.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Capivasertib and fulvestrant for patients with HR-positive/HER2-negative advanced breast cancer: analysis of the subgroup of patients from Japan in the phase 3 CAPItello-291 trial.Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan) · 2025Trial
- Capivasertib in Hormone Receptor-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer.The New England journal of medicine · 2023Trial
- Results of the phase IIa RADICAL trial of the FGFR inhibitor AZD4547 in endocrine resistant breast cancer.Nature communications · 2022Trial
- Mutation analysis using cell-free DNA for endocrine therapy in patients with HR+ metastatic breast cancer.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Pharmacogenomics of aromatase inhibitors in postmenopausal breast cancer and additional mechanisms of anastrozole action.JCI insight · 2020Trial
- Bicalutamide plus Aromatase Inhibitor in Patients with Estrogen Receptor-Positive/Androgen Receptor-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer.The oncologist · 2020Trial
- Efficacy of anastrozole after tamoxifen in early breast cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced ovarian function failure.International journal of cancer · 2019Trial
- Randomized Phase II Trial of Fulvestrant Plus Everolimus or Placebo in Postmenopausal Women With Hormone Receptor-Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer Resistant to Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy: Results of PrE0102.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2018Trial
- A Phase II Trial of Neoadjuvant MK-2206, an AKT Inhibitor, with Anastrozole in Clinical Stage II or IIIClinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2017Trial
- NeoPalAna: Neoadjuvant Palbociclib, a Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitor, and Anastrozole for Clinical Stage 2 or 3 Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2017Trial
- AKR1C3 inhibitors and exploiters for the treatment and therapeutic monitoring of cancer: a patent review (2020-present).Expert opinion on therapeutic patents · 2026Review
- Use of ctDNA in Older Women with ER+ Breast Cancer to Facilitate Surgical De-escalation: A Prospective, Hybrid-Decentralized Trial with Correlative Studies.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Article
- EPIC: Event Prototyping via Information Constrained graph learning for personalized cancer driver gene prediction.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Chromatin architecture reprogramming reveals novel epigenetic dependencies in breast cancer.Genes & development · 2026Article
- Endocrine Resistance Score Based on Three Key Genes Predicts Prognosis and Reveals Potential Therapeutic Targets for ER+HER2- Breast Cancer.Cell proliferation · 2026Article
- Low intensity vibration with zoledronate reduces musculoskeletal weakness and adiposity in estrogen deprived female mice.Nature communications · 2026Article
170 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Oestrogen receptor-positive (ER(+)) breast cancer is a major cause of cancer death in women. Although aromatase inhibitors suppress the function of ER and reduce the risk of recurrence, therapeutic resistance is common and essentially inevitable in advanced disease. This Review considers both genomic and cell biological explanations as to why ER(+) breast cancer cells persist, progress and cause an incurable, lethal, systemic disease. The design and outcomes of clinical trials are considered with the perspective that resistance mechanisms are heterogeneous, and therefore biomarker and somatic mutation-based stratification and eligibility will be essential for improvements in patient outcomes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.