Trial reportAnnals of surgical oncology2015
Safety and Biologic Response of Pre-operative Autophagy Inhibition in Combination with Gemcitabine in Patients with Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma.
Trial report in Annals of surgical oncology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 149 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
149 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 234 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- SMAD4 loss is associated with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus hydroxychloroquine in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma.Clinical and translational science · 2021Trial
- A Randomized Phase II Preoperative Study of Autophagy Inhibition with High-Dose Hydroxychloroquine and Gemcitabine/Nab-Paclitaxel in Pancreatic Cancer Patients.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2020Trial
- Lysosomal metabolism in pancreatic cancer and its crosstalk with host physiology.Genes & development · 2026Review
- Metabolic plasticity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma progression and response to treatment.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- The multifaceted functions of selective autophagy in cancer: molecular basis, consequences, and clinical prospects.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Crosstalk Between Autophagy and Paraptosis: A New Frontier in Cancer Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Autophagy in Cancer: Context-Dependent Regulation and Precision Nanomedicine-Enabled Therapeutic Targeting.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Mitophagy in pancreatic cancer: mechanistic insights and implications for novel therapeutic strategies.Cell death discovery · 2026Review
- Clinical and translational results from a phase 1 trial of gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel with nivolumab/ipilimumab or hydroxychloroquine/ipilimumab in untreated metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Autophagy inhibition in pancreatic cancer: hope or hype?Autophagy reports · 2026Article
- Targeting Lysosomes for Enhanced Anti-Cancer Therapeutics and Immune Response.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- The tumour microenvironment in pancreatic cancer - new clinical challenges, but more opportunities.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2025Review
- The Expendables: Overlooked Medications with Anti-Cancer Properties.Current oncology reports · 2025Review
- Review
- Hydroxychloroquine reduces metastatic tumor burden in pancreatic adenocarcinoma through myeloperoxidase inhibition.Journal of inflammation (London, England) · 2025Article
- Autophagy in cancer and protein conformational disorders.FEBS letters · 2025Review
- GOT2: New therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer.Genes & diseases · 2025Review
- Review
- Nanomedicine Approaches for Autophagy Modulation in Cancer Therapy.Small science · 2025Article
89 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeAutophagy is a cell survival mechanism that plays a critical role in pancreatic carcinogenesis. Murine studies have previously demonstrated that treatment with the late-autophagy inhibitor chloroquine in combination with chemotherapy limited tumor growth.
methodsIn this phase 1/2 trial, we examined treatment with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and gemcitabine for patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The primary endpoints were safety and tolerability, evaluated by Storer's dose escalation design. Secondary endpoints were CA 19-9 biomarker response, R0 resection rates, survival, and correlative studies of autophagy.
resultsThirty-five patients were enrolled. There were no dose-limiting toxicities and no grade 4/5 events related to treatment. Nineteen patients (61 %) had a decrease in CA 19-9 after treatment. Twenty-nine patients (94 %) underwent surgical resection as scheduled, with a 77 % R0 resection rate. Median overall survival was 34.8 months (95 % confidence interval, 11.57 to not reached). Patients who had more than a 51 % increase in the autophagy marker LC3-II in circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells had improvement in disease-free survival (15.03 vs. 6.9 months, p < 0.05) and overall survival (34.83 vs. 10.83 months, p < 0.05). No outcome differences were demonstrated in the 81 % of patients with abnormal p53 expression assessed by immunohistochemistry in the resected specimens.
conclusionsPreoperative autophagy inhibition with HCQ plus gemcitabine is safe and well tolerated. Surrogate biomarker responses (CA 19-9) and surgical oncologic outcomes were encouraging. p53 status was not associated with adverse outcomes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.