ArticleEuropean journal of nutrition2016
Validation of a urine color scale for assessment of urine osmolality in healthy children.
Article in European journal of nutrition, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Availability of a Flavored Beverage and Impact on Children's Hydration Status, Sleep, and Mood.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- Water Consumption during a School Day and Children's Short-Term Cognitive Performance: The CogniDROP Randomized Intervention Trial.Nutrients · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Water is K'é: A multi-level intervention to promote healthy beverage choices among Navajo families: Trial rationale and study protocol.Nutrition and health · 2026Article
- The accuracy of a 4-item hydration self-assessment model to classify urine concentration using different cut-offs.Performance nutrition · 2026Article
- Plasma and serum volume remain unchanged following a 12-h fast from food and drink despite changes in blood and urinary hydration markers.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Article
- Children, Adolescents and Urine Hydration Indices-A Systematic Literature Review on Athletes and Non-Athletes.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A 3D color model reports urine color similarly to a printed color chart with similar accuracy to determine a low vs. high urine concentration.Performance nutrition · 2025Article
- The Effects of Diet, Dietary Supplements, Drugs and Exercise on Physical, Diagnostic Values of Urine Characteristics.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Validity of combined hydration self-assessment measurements to estimate a low vs. high urine concentration in a small sample of (tactical) athletes.European journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Comparison between digital and paper urine color to assess hydration status.European journal of nutrition · 2023Article
- Human Milk Calorie Guide: A Novel Color-Based Tool to Estimate the Calorie Content of Human Milk for Preterm Infants.Nutrients · 2023Article
- The Severity of Obesity Promotes Greater Dehydration in Children: Preliminary Results.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Metabolite quantification: A fluorescence-based method for urine sample normalization prior toMetabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2022Article
- Evaluation of Water Intake in Spanish Adolescent Soccer Players during a Competition.Journal of human kinetics · 2022Article
- Current Hydration Habits: The Disregarded Factor for the Development of Renal and Cardiometabolic Diseases.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Validity of Urine Color Scoring Using Different Light Conditions and Scoring Techniques to Assess Urine Concentration.Journal of athletic training · 2022Article
- Urine color expressed in CIE L*a*b* colorspace during rapid changes in hydration status.Current research in physiology · 2022Article
- A questionnaire study on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of fluid replacement and urination among Chinese elite athletes.PloS one · 2022Article
- Validation of urine colour L*a*b* for assessing hydration amongst athletes.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimUrine color (UC) is a practical tool for hydration assessment. The technique has been validated in adults, but has not been tested in children. PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to test the validity of the urine color scale in young, healthy boys and girls, as a marker of urine concentration, investigate its diagnostic ability of detecting hypohydration and examine the ability of children to self-assess UC.
methodsA total of 210 children participated (age: 8-14 years, body mass: 43.4 ± 12.6 kg, height: 1.49 ± 0.13 m, body fat: 25.2 ± 7.8 %). Data collection included: two single urine samples (first morning and before lunch) and 24-h sampling. Hydration status was assessed via urine osmolality (UOsmo) and UC via the eight-point color scale.
resultsMean UC was 3 ± 1 and UOsmo 686 ± 223 mmol kg(-1). UC displayed a positive relationship as a predictor of UOsmo (R (2): 0.45, P < 0.001). Based on the receiver operating curve, UC has good overall classification ability for the three samples (area under the curve 85-92 %), with good sensitivity (92-98 %) and specificity (55-68 %) for detecting hypohydration. The overall accuracy of the self-assessment of UC in the morning or the noon samples ranged from 67 to 78 %. Further threshold analysis indicated that the optimal self-assessed UC threshold for hypohydration was ≥4.
conclusionsThe classical eight-point urine color scale is a valid method to assess hydration in children of age 8-14 years, either by researchers or self-assessment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.