ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2015
Small Drusen and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: The Beaver Dam Eye Study.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Identification of risk factors for the progression of age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Indocyanine green angiography and machine learning analysis determine topographic distribution of peripheral hard drusen in a Chinese cohort.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- The Clinical Significance of Imaging Biomarkers Discoverable by Anomaly Detection Methods in Retinal Diseases: A Review.Journal of ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Characterization of drusen formation in a primary porcine tissue culture model of dry AMD.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2024Article
- Lipofuscin, Its Origin, Properties, and Contribution to Retinal Fluorescence as a Potential Biomarker of Oxidative Damage to the Retina.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Heritability of retinal drusen in the Copenhagen Twin Cohort Eye Study.Acta ophthalmologica · 2022Article
- Effect of OCT B-Scan Density on Sensitivity for Detection of Intraretinal Hyperreflective Foci in Eyes with Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Current eye research · 2022Article
- Novel Epigenetic Clock Biomarkers of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Small hard drusen and associated factors in early seniority.PloS one · 2022Article
- Rationale and protocol for the 7- and 8-year longitudinal assessments of eye health in a cohort of young adults in the Raine Study.BMJ open · 2020Article
- Interplay between Autophagy and the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System and Its Role in the Pathogenesis of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Multimodal imaging of small hard retinal drusen in young healthy adults.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2018Article
- CBScientific reports · 2017Article
- Neovascular age-related macular degeneration without drusen in the fellow eye: clinical spectrum and therapeutic outcome.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that large areas of small hard drusen (diameter <63 μm) and intermediate drusen (diameter 63-124 μm) are associated with the incidence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Eyes of 3344 older adults with at least 2 consecutive visits spaced 5 years apart over a 20-year period were included. A 6-level severity scale including no drusen, 4 levels of increasing area (from minimal [<2596 μm(2)] to large [>9086 μm(2)]) of only small hard drusen, and intermediate drusen was used. The 5-year incidence of AMD was 3% in eyes at the start of the interval with no, minimal, small, and moderate areas of only small drusen and 5% and 25% for eyes with large area of only small drusen and intermediate drusen, respectively. Compared to eyes with a moderate area of small drusen, the odds ratio (OR) of developing AMD in eyes with a large area of only small drusen was 1.8 (P<.001). Compared to eyes with large area of only small drusen, eyes with intermediate drusen had an OR of 5.5 (P<0.001) of developing AMD. Our results are consistent with our hypothesis that large areas of only small drusen are associated with the incidence of AMD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.