ReviewBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2015
Cancer vaccines.
Review in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 145 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
145 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 264 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of the efficacy of cancer vaccines in advanced breast cancer.Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan) · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy and security of tumor vaccines for hepatocellular carcinoma: a systemic review and meta-analysis of the last 2 decades.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Multiple antigen-engineered DC vaccines with or without IFNα to promote antitumor immunity in melanoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2019Trial
- Phase 2 trial of a multivalent WT1 peptide vaccine (galinpepimut-S) in acute myeloid leukemia.Blood advances · 2018Trial
- Long-term major histocompatibility complex class I suppression in astronauts and clinical implications.Communications biology · 2026Review
- A lung squamous cell carcinoma demonstrating spontaneous partial regression of the primary tumor with lymph node metastasis: a case report with analysis of the tumor immune microenvironment.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Article
- Needle-Free Injection Enhances the Immunogenicity and Antitumor Efficacy of Whole-Cell Tumor Vaccines.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Neoantigen-Encoded Oncolytic Viruses as Personalized Cancer Vaccines.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Advances in Breast Cancer Research: Immunological, Pathological, and Pharmacological Perspectives for Improving Patient Outcomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- mRNA cancer vaccines: delivery strategies, immune modulation, and clinical translation.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Molecular subgroups and biomarker guided precision immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer: advances, challenges, and future directions.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Therapeutic cancer vaccines: navigating clinical translation and multimodal synergy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Nanovaccines in hepatocellular carcinoma: a new frontier in cancer immunotherapy.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Isolation of a tumor neoantigen specific CD8+ TCR from a skin biopsy of a vaccination site.Oncoimmunology · 2025Article
- mRNA-Based Neoantigen Vaccines in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC)-A Promising Avenue in Cancer Immunotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Shaping Antitumor Immunity with Peptide Vaccines: Implications of Immune Modulation at the Vaccine Site.Vaccines · 2025Review
- In Situ Vaccination by Tumor Ablation: Principles and Prospects for Systemic Antitumor Immunity.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Nano-Based Vaccine Delivery Systems: Innovative Therapeutics Against Cancer and Neurological Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Design and Efficacy of Oncolytic Viruses and Antitumor Vaccines: A Dead End in the Immunotherapy of Pancreatic Cancer?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The HER2 target for designing novel multi-peptide vaccine against breast cancer using immunoinformatics and molecular dynamic simulation.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Article
85 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cancer vaccines are designed to promote tumor specific immune responses, particularly cytotoxic CD8 positive T cells that are specific to tumor antigens. The earliest vaccines, which were developed in 1994-95, tested non-mutated, shared tumor associated antigens that had been shown to be immunogenic and capable of inducing clinical responses in a minority of people with late stage cancer. Technological developments in the past few years have enabled the investigation of vaccines that target mutated antigens that are patient specific. Several platforms for cancer vaccination are being tested, including peptides, proteins, antigen presenting cells, tumor cells, and viral vectors. Standard of care treatments, such as surgery and ablation, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, can also induce antitumor immunity, thereby having cancer vaccine effects. The monitoring of patients' immune responses at baseline and after standard of care treatment is shedding light on immune biomarkers. Combination therapies are being tested in clinical trials and are likely to be the best approach to improving patient outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.