ReviewBrain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland)2015
A review of neuroimaging findings in repetitive brain trauma.
Review in Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 149 citations in OpenAlex.
- Brain MRI findings associated with soccer heading: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neuroradiology · 2026Pooled it
- Diffusion Imaging of Sport-related Repetitive Head Impacts-A Systematic Review.Neuropsychology review · 2023Pooled it
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Traumatic Brain Injury and Subconcussive Hits: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of neurotrauma · 2022Pooled it
- The effects of repetitive head impacts on postural control: A systematic review.Journal of science and medicine in sport · 2021Pooled it
- Systematic Review of the Long-Term Neuroimaging Correlates of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Repetitive Head Injuries.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Pooled it
- The Neurophysiological Responses of Concussive Impacts: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2020Pooled it
- Assessing head injury risk and neuroprotective effect of ketone monoester supplementation in military airborne training.Physiological reports · 2026Trial
- Negative Mood States Correlate with Laterobasal Amygdala in Collegiate Football Players.BioMed research international · 2018Trial
- Advances in imaging studies of contusion penumbra.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2026Review
- Structural compression and entorhinal vulnerability: Linking tentorial adjacency to tau burden and dementia progression.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: A devastating legacy of repetitive concussion.Neurobiology of disease · 2026Review
- Position-dependent white matter microstructural differences in amateur soccer players: a multi-shell diffusion MRI study.Neuroradiology · 2026Observational
- Bioenergetics of the combat sports brain: Between risk and resilience.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2026Review
- Brain Health in Former Professional Motorsport Drivers: Case Series in a Population Exposed to Sport-Related Concussions and Repetitive Head Impacts.Sports medicine - open · 2026Article
- Repeated head impacts establish a senescent cranial bone marrow niche that impairs brain metabolism.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Inflammation, Limbic White Matter Microstructure, and Clinical Symptoms in Retired American Football Players With Repetitive Head Impacts.Neurology · 2026Article
- Repeated Mild Head Injury Establishes a Senescent Cranial Bone Marrow Niche that Impairs Brain Metabolism.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Population-referenced multiregional brain-volume profiles associated with performance and concussion history in athletes: an exploratory study.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Neuronal and Glial Biomarkers in Urine of Athletes with Different Risks of Head Trauma to Monitor Sports-Related Concussions.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Head acceleration events in stock car auto racing: motivating and assessing track changes.Traffic injury prevention · 2025Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease confirmed at postmortem. Those at highest risk are professional athletes who participate in contact sports and military personnel who are exposed to repetitive blast events. All neuropathologically confirmed CTE cases, to date, have had a history of repetitive head impacts. This suggests that repetitive head impacts may be necessary for the initiation of the pathogenetic cascade that, in some cases, leads to CTE. Importantly, while all CTE appears to result from repetitive brain trauma, not all repetitive brain trauma results in CTE. Magnetic resonance imaging has great potential for understanding better the underlying mechanisms of repetitive brain trauma. In this review, we provide an overview of advanced imaging techniques currently used to investigate brain anomalies. We also provide an overview of neuroimaging findings in those exposed to repetitive head impacts in the acute/subacute and chronic phase of injury and in more neurodegenerative phases of injury, as well as in military personnel exposed to repetitive head impacts. Finally, we discuss future directions for research that will likely lead to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms separating those who recover from repetitive brain trauma vs. those who go on to develop CTE.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.