Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25904018›Full record

ArticleNature communications2015

Direct neuronal glucose uptake heralds activity-dependent increases in cerebral metabolism.

Iben Lundgaard, Baoman Li, Lulu Xie, Hongyi Kang, Simon Sanggaard, John D R Haswell, Wei Sun, Siri Goldman, Solomiya Blekot, Michael Nielsen and 3 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 224 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
224citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
17.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

224 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 363 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Learning Shapes the Energy Cost of Neural Tasks.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  7. A scoping review of computational models on human glucose cerebral metabolism.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2026
    Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Astrocytic GPR55 receptors promote glycolysis.Journal of cannabis research · 2026
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Review

164 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Iben Lundgaard1] Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA [2] Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
Baoman Li1] Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA [2] Department of Clinical Pharmacology, China Medical University, 110001 Shenyang, China.
Lulu Xie1] Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA [2] Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
Hongyi Kang1] Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA [2] Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
Simon Sanggaard1] Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA [2] Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
John D R Haswell1] Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA [2] Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
Wei Sun1] Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA [2] Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
Siri Goldman1] Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA [2] Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
Solomiya Blekot1] Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA [2] Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
Michael Nielsen1] Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA [2] Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
Takahiro Takano1] Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA [2] Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
Rashid Deane1] Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA [2] Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
Maiken Nedergaard1] Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA [2] Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
University of Copenhagen · DKUniversity of Rochester · USChina Medical University · CN

Funding

Patient-derived iPS cells as model systems for AxDP01HD076892 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI NEDERGAARD, MAIKEN · 2014 to 2018
$6.0M
Failure of metabolite clearance in a model of multi-lacunar infarctsR01NS078167 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER · PI NEDERGAARD, MAIKEN · 2012 to 2016
$1.8M
The glymphatic system, a new concept in glia biologyR01NS078304 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER · PI NEDERGAARD, MAIKEN · 2012 to 2016
$1.7M
ATP as the instigator of inflammatory responses to spinal cord injuryR01NS075177 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER · PI NEDERGAARD, MAIKEN · 2012 to 2016
$1.6M
Glymphatic function in a transgenic rat model of Alzheimer's diseaseR01AG048769 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER · PI BENVENISTE, HELENE D, NEDERGAARD, MAIKEN · 2014 to 2018
$1.4M
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG048769NICHD NIH HHS P01 HD076892NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS075177NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS078167NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS078304
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Metabolically, the brain is a highly active organ that relies almost exclusively on glucose as its energy source. According to the astrocyte-to-neuron lactate shuttle hypothesis, glucose is taken up by astrocytes and converted to lactate, which is then oxidized by neurons. Here we show, using two-photon imaging of a near-infrared 2-deoxyglucose analogue (2DG-IR), that glucose is taken up preferentially by neurons in awake behaving mice. Anaesthesia suppressed neuronal 2DG-IR uptake and sensory stimulation was associated with a sharp increase in neuronal, but not astrocytic, 2DG-IR uptake. Moreover, hexokinase, which catalyses the first enzymatic steps in glycolysis, was highly enriched in neurons compared with astrocytes, in mouse as well as in human cortex. These observations suggest that brain activity and neuronal glucose metabolism are directly linked, and identify the neuron as the principal locus of glucose uptake as visualized by functional brain imaging.

Indexed as

WakefulnessAnesthetics, DissociativeAnimalsAntimetabolitesAstrocytesBrainCells, CulturedCerebral CortexDeoxyglucoseFunctional NeuroimagingGlucoseHexokinaseHumansHypnotics and SedativesImmunohistochemistryKetamineAnesthetics, DissociativeAntimetabolitesDeoxyglucoseGlucoseHexokinaseHypnotics and SedativesKetamineRNA, MessengerXylazine

Identifiers

PMID25904018
PMCPMC4410436
OpenAlexW2053405269

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.