ReviewBiology of reproduction2015
Dynamics of the ovarian reserve and impact of genetic and epidemiological factors on age of menopause.
Review in Biology of reproduction, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Genetic associations with age of menopause in familial longevity.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2019Pooled it
- Current Evidence on Associations of Nutritional Factors with Ovarian Reserve and Timing of Menopause: A Systematic Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2017Pooled it
- Prevalence and determinants of premature or early menopause: a pooled analysis of 716 648 women from 44 low- and middle-income countries.BMJ global health · 2026Article
- Mutation in MSH5 Causes Primary Ovarian Insufficiency and Successful Therapeutic Intervention by In Vitro Fertilisation.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- The human ovarian reserve: the narrative and the science.Human reproduction update · 2026Review
- Critical roles of m6A demethylase FTO in ovarian aging.Biogerontology · 2026Review
- Advances in multi-omics and aging clock research for female reproductive health and aging.MedScience · 2026Review
- Interplay of Mitochondrial Dynamics, Nutrition, and Vitamins: Evidence From Experimental and Human Studies With Implications for Women's Health.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2026Review
- Review
- Leukemic Cells Infiltrate the Ovaries Without Damaging Ovarian Reserve in an Acute Myeloid Leukemia Mouse Model.Endocrinology · 2025Article
- Ovarian ROS-dependent IgG accumulation precedes lipofuscin deposition and follicular decline: comparative insights from the bitch and mouse models of ovarian aging.Frontiers in aging · 2025Article
- Dietary insulin index and load in relation to the risk of diminished ovarian reserve: a case-control study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Heavy Metals and Trajectories of Anti-Müllerian Hormone During the Menopausal Transition.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
- Distinct characteristics of the DNA damage response in mammalian oocytes.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2024Review
- Metabolic hormones are integral regulators of female reproductive health and function.Bioscience reports · 2024Review
- Evaluation of the relationship between types of menopause and cognitive function.Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2024Article
- Endocrine disruptor chemicals exposure and female fertility declining: from pathophysiology to epigenetic risks.Frontiers in public health · 2024Review
- Facilitation of Ovarian Response by Mechanical Force-Latest Insight on Fertility Improvement in Women with Poor Ovarian Response or Primary Ovarian Insufficiency.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Metabolic Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Targets for Prevention of Ovarian Aging: Data from Up-to-Date Experimental Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Mechanisms of ovarian aging in women: a review.Journal of ovarian research · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The narrow standard age range of menopause, ∼50 yr, belies the complex balance of forces that govern the underlying formation and progressive loss of ovarian follicles (the "ovarian reserve" whose size determines the age of menopause). We show here the first quantitative graph of follicle numbers, distinguished from oocyte counts, across the reproductive lifespan, and review the current state of information about genetic and epidemiological risk factors in relation to possible preservation of reproductive capacity. In addition to structural X-chromosome changes, several genes involved in the process of follicle formation and/or maintenance are implicated in Mendelian inherited primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), with menopause before age 40. Furthermore, variants in a largely distinct cohort of reported genes-notably involved in pathways relevant to atresia, including DNA repair and cell death-have shown smaller but additive effects on the variation in timing of menopause in the normal range, early menopause (age <45), and POI. Epidemiological factors show effect sizes comparable to those of genetic factors, with smoking accounting for about 5% of the risk of early menopause, equivalent to the summed effect of the top 17 genetic variants. The identified genetic and epidemiological factors underline the importance of early detection of reproductive problems to enhance possible interventions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.