Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25902854›Full record

ArticleBMC complementary and alternative medicine2015

Alkanna tinctoria leaves extracts: a prospective remedy against multidrug resistant human pathogenic bacteria.

Usman Ali Khan, Hazir Rahman, Muhammad Qasim, Anwar Hussain, Azizullah Azizllah, Waheed Murad, Zakir Khan, Muhammad Anees, Muhammad Adnan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Ratanjot (Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024
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  3. Co-Delivery ofPharmaceutics · 2024
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  7. BioMed research international · 2023
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  8. Article
  9. Review
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  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. EthnomedicinalJundishapur journal of microbiology · 2016
    Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Usman Ali KhanDepartment of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan. usman.microbiologist@gmail.com.
Hazir RahmanDepartment of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan. hazirrahman@hotmail.com.
Muhammad QasimDepartment of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan. qasim89@gmail.com.
Anwar HussainDepartment of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan. anwarhpu@yahoo.com.
Azizullah AzizllahDepartment of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan. azizswabi@hotmail.com.
Waheed MuradDepartment of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan. whdicp@yahoo.com.
Zakir KhanDepartment of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. zakirkhan300@gmail.com.
Muhammad AneesDepartment of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan. muhamadanees@yahoo.com.
Muhammad AdnanDepartment of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan. ghurzang@hotmail.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPlants are rich source of chemical compounds that are used to accomplish biological activity. Indigenously crude extracts of plants are widely used as herbal medicine for the treatment of infections by people of different ethnic groups. The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the biological potential of Alkanna tinctoria leaves extract from district Charsadda, Pakistan against multidrug resistant human pathogenic bacteria including Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus.

methodsAnti-multi-drug resistant bacterial activity of aqueous, chloroform, ethanol and hexane extracts of Alkanna tinctoria leaves were evaluated by well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of different extracts were determined. Moreover qualitative phytochemicals screening of the studied extracts was performed.

resultsAll four selected bacteria including A. baumannii, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were categorized as multi-drug resistant (MDR) as they were found to be resistant to 13, 10, 19 and 22 antibiotics belonging to different groups respectively. All the four extract showed potential activity against S. aureus as compare to positive control antibiotic (Imipenem). Similarly among the four extracts of Alkanna tinctoria leaves, aqueous extract showed best activity against A. baumannii (10±03 mm), P. aeruginosa (12±0.5 mm), and S. aureus (14±0.5 mm) as compare to Imipenem. The MICs and MBCs results also showed quantitative concentration of plant extracts to inhibit or kill MDR bacteria. When phytochemicals analysis was performed it was observed that aqueous and ethanol extracts showed phytochemicals with large number as well as volume, especially Alkaloides, Flavonoides and Charbohydrates.

conclusionThe undertaken study demonstrated that all the four extracts of Alkanna tinctoria leaves exhibited considerable antibacterial activity against MDR isolates. Finding from the current study will be helpful for further elucidation of lead molecules from Alkanna tinctoria leaves for future therapeutic use against MDR pathogens.

Indexed as

BoraginaceaeAcinetobacter baumanniiAnti-Bacterial AgentsBacteriaDrug Resistance, MultipleEscherichia coliHumansMicrobial Sensitivity TestsPakistanPlant ExtractsPlant LeavesPlants, MedicinalProspective StudiesPseudomonas aeruginosaStaphylococcus aureusAnti-Bacterial AgentsPlant Extracts

Identifiers

PMID25902854
PMCPMC4410581

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.