ArticleClinical and experimental immunology2015
Interleukin-36α axis is modulated in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.
Article in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunobiological Properties and Clinical Applications of Interleukin-38 for Immune-Mediated Disorders: A Systematic Review Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- IL-36 mediates immune activation in Sjögren's disease and may represent a novel biomarker of disease.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2026Article
- Destructive and protective effects and therapeutic targets of IL-36 family cytokines in dry eye disease.The ocular surface · 2025Article
- Enhanced co-expression of TIGIT and PD-1 on γδ T cells correlates with clinical features and laboratory parameters in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
- Sjögren's syndrome.Inflammopharmacology · 2024Article
- Emerging biologic frontiers for Sjogren's syndrome: Unveiling novel approaches with emphasis on extra glandular pathology.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- The emerging role of IL-38 in diseases: A comprehensive review.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Review
- The Future of Targeted Treatment of Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: A Focus on Extra-Glandular Pathology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Exploratory analysis of interleukin-38 in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2022Article
- The Role of Interleukins in the Pathogenesis of Dermatological Immune-Mediated Diseases.Advances in therapy · 2022Review
- Genome Editing Using CRISPR-Cas9 and Autoimmune Diseases: A Comprehensive Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- IL-36 Cytokines: Their Roles in Asthma and Potential as a Therapeutic.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- The anti-inflammatory and protective role of interleukin-38 in inflammatory bowel disease.Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition · 2022Article
- Proteomic Analysis of Tears and Conjunctival Cells Collected with Schirmer Strips Using timsTOF Pro: Preanalytical Considerations.Metabolites · 2021Article
- IL-36α Enhances Host Defense againstJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2021Article
- IL-38 prevents induction of trained immunity by inhibition of mTOR signaling.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2021Article
- Elevated levels of serum IL-36α in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.Biomedical reports · 2021Article
- Role of IL-36γ/IL-36R Signaling in Corneal Innate Defense Against Candida albicans Keratitis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2021Article
- Interleukin-36α suppresses growth of non-small cell lung cancer in vitro by reducing angiogenesis.FEBS open bio · 2021Article
- Reduced concentrations of the B cell cytokine interleukin 38 are associated with cardiovascular disease risk in overweight subjects.European journal of immunology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of the interleukin (IL)-36 axis in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). Blood and minor labial salivary glands (MSG) biopsies were obtained from 35 pSS and 20 non-Sjögren's syndrome patients (nSS) patients. Serum IL-36α was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IL-36α, IL-36R, IL-36RA, IL-38, IL-22, IL-17, IL-23p19 and expression in MSGs was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and tissue IL-36α and IL-38 expression was also investigated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). αβ and γδ T cells and CD68(+) cells isolated from MSGs were also studied by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy analysis. IL-36α was over-expressed significantly in the serum and in the salivary glands of pSS. Salivary gland IL-36α expression was correlated with the expression levels of IL-17, IL-22 and IL-23p19. IL-38, that acts as inhibitor of IL-36α, was also up-regulated in pSS. αβ(+) CD3(+) T cells and CD68(+) cells were the major source of IL-36α in minor salivary glands of pSS. γδ T cells were not significantly expanded in the salivary glands of pSS but produced more IL-17, as their percentage correlated with the focus score. Higher expression of IL-36α and IL-36R was also demonstrated in γδ T cells isolated from pSS compared to controls. In this study we demonstrate that a significant increase in circulating and tissue levels of IL-36α occurs in pSS patients.
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