ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2015
Noninvasive imaging of immune responses.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 134 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
134 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 220 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrated imaging and molecular analysis to decipher tumor microenvironment in the era of immunotherapy.Seminars in cancer biology · 2022Pooled it
- Therapeutic Resistance in Melanoma: Molecular Mechanisms and Emerging Pharmaceutical Strategies.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Development of [111In]In-CHX-A″-DTPA-αCD68 for ImmunoSPECT to Image Murine Macrophages.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Targeted delivery of diverse biomolecules with engineered bacterial nanosyringes.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- Bevacizumab-IRDye800 as an imaging probe for the detection of prostate cancer in mice.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Can Nuclear Imaging Detect Trained Immunity in Cardiovascular Disease?Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2026Review
- Optimizing antibody PET imaging: a comparative preclinical analysis of nanobody and minibody-like PET tracers.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2025Article
- A three dimensional immunolabeling method with peroxidase-fused nanobodies and fluorochromized tyramide-glucose oxidase signal amplification.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Developing and Characterizing the Tumor-Targeting Efficiency of an Anti-EphA2-CD11b Bispecific Antibody.Bioconjugate chemistry · 2025Article
- Article
- Molecular Imaging of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Living Animals Using a Novel mCD3 Fibronectin Scaffold.Bioconjugate chemistry · 2025Article
- A framework of biomarkers for skeletal muscle aging: a consensus statement by the Aging Biomarker Consortium.Life medicine · 2024Article
- Engineered Antibodies as Cancer Radiotheranostics.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- Distinct dynamics of mRNA LNPs in mice and nonhuman primates revealed by in vivo imaging.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Development of a Stable Peptide-Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) via Sortase and Click Chemistry.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2024Article
- Semi-synthetic nanobody-ligand conjugates exhibit tunable signaling properties and enhanced transcriptional outputs at neurokinin receptor-1.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2024Article
- Advancements in nuclear imaging using radiolabeled nanobody tracers to support cancer immunotherapy.Immunotherapy advances · 2024Review
- Macrophage PET imaging in mouse models of cardiovascular disease and cancer with an apolipoprotein-inspired radiotracer.Npj imaging · 2024Article
- Semi-synthetic nanobody-ligand conjugates exhibit tunable signaling properties and enhanced transcriptional outputs at neurokinin receptor-1.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Site-Specifically Conjugated Single-Domain Antibody Successfully Identifies Glypican-3-Expressing Liver Cancer by Immuno-PET.Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine · 2023Article
74 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
At their margins, tumors often contain neutrophils, dendritic cells, and activated macrophages, which express class II MHC and CD11b products. The interplay between stromal cells, tumor cells, and migratory cells such as lymphocytes creates opportunities for noninvasive imaging of immune responses. We developed alpaca-derived antibody fragments specific for mouse class II MHC and CD11b products, expressed on the surface of a variety of myeloid cells. We validated these reagents by flow cytometry and two-photon microscopy to obtain images at cellular resolution. To enable noninvasive imaging of the targeted cell populations, we developed a method to site-specifically label VHHs [the variable domain (VH) of a camelid heavy-chain only antibody] with (18)F or (64)Cu. Radiolabeled VHHs rapidly cleared the circulation (t1/2 ≈ 20 min) and clearly visualized lymphoid organs. We used VHHs to explore the possibility of imaging inflammation in both xenogeneic and syngeneic tumor models, which resulted in detection of tumors with remarkable specificity. We also imaged the infiltration of myeloid cells upon injection of complete Freund's adjuvant. Both anti-class II MHC and anti-CD11b VHHs detected inflammation with excellent specificity. Given the ease of manufacture and labeling of VHHs, we believe that this method could transform the manner in which antitumor responses and/or infectious events may be tracked.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.