ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2015
Endosymbiosis undone by stepwise elimination of the plastid in a parasitic dinoflagellate.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 116 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Recent plastid replacement in Karlodinium ballantinum (Kareniaceae, Dinoflagellata) challenges the paradigms of endosymbiotic gene transfer.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Lack of evidence for the presence of plastids in the evolutionary history of kinetoplastid protists.Folia parasitologica · 2026Article
- Progress and prospects of parasitic plant biodiversity genomics.Plant & cell physiology · 2026Review
- Modes and mechanisms for the inheritance of mitochondria and plastids in pathogenic protists.PLoS pathogens · 2025Review
- Adaptations and metabolic evolution of myzozoan protists across diverse lifestyles and environments.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2024Review
- Reduced plastid genomes of colorless facultative pathogens Prototheca (Chlorophyta) are retained for membrane transport genes.BMC biology · 2024Article
- Review
- Horizontal gene transfer in eukaryotes: aligning theory with data.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2024Review
- New plastids, old proteins: repeated endosymbiotic acquisitions in kareniacean dinoflagellates.EMBO reports · 2024Article
- Integrated overview of stramenopile ecology, taxonomy, and heterotrophic origin.The ISME journal · 2024Review
- Complex Endosymbioses I: From Primary to Complex Plastids, Serial Endosymbiotic Events.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Infection of Norway lobster (Royal Society open science · 2024Article
- Parasitic dinoflagellate Hematodinium in marine decapod crustaceans: a review on current knowledge and future perspectives.Parasitology research · 2023Review
- Multiple parallel origins of parasitic Marine Alveolates.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Intracellular development and impact of a marine eukaryotic parasite on its zombified microalgal host.The ISME journal · 2022Article
- A Comparison of Dinoflagellate Thiolation Domain Binding Proteins Using In Vitro and Molecular Methods.Marine drugs · 2022Article
- An Enigmatic Stramenopile Sheds Light on Early Evolution in Ochrophyta Plastid Organellogenesis.Molecular biology and evolution · 2022Article
- Dinoflagellate Phosphopantetheinyl Transferase (PPTase) and Thiolation Domain Interactions Characterized Using a Modified Indigoidine Synthesizing Reporter.Microorganisms · 2022Article
- Organellar Evolution: A Path from Benefit to Dependence.Microorganisms · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Organelle gain through endosymbiosis has been integral to the origin and diversification of eukaryotes, and, once gained, plastids and mitochondria seem seldom lost. Indeed, discovery of nonphotosynthetic plastids in many eukaryotes--notably, the apicoplast in apicomplexan parasites such as the malaria pathogen Plasmodium--highlights the essential metabolic functions performed by plastids beyond photosynthesis. Once a cell becomes reliant on these ancillary functions, organelle dependence is apparently difficult to overcome. Previous examples of endosymbiotic organelle loss (either mitochondria or plastids), which have been invoked to explain the origin of eukaryotic diversity, have subsequently been recognized as organelle reduction to cryptic forms, such as mitosomes and apicoplasts. Integration of these ancient symbionts with their hosts has been too well developed to reverse. Here, we provide evidence that the dinoflagellate Hematodinium sp., a marine parasite of crustaceans, represents a rare case of endosymbiotic organelle loss by the elimination of the plastid. Extensive RNA and genomic sequencing data provide no evidence for a plastid organelle, but, rather, reveal a metabolic decoupling from known plastid functions that typically impede organelle loss. This independence has been achieved through retention of ancestral anabolic pathways, enzyme relocation from the plastid to the cytosol, and metabolic scavenging from the parasite's host. Hematodinium sp. thus represents a further dimension of endosymbiosis--life after the organelle.
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