ArticlePloS one2015
Phosphoethanolamine Transferase LptA in Haemophilus ducreyi Modifies Lipid A and Contributes to Human Defensin Resistance In Vitro.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antimicrobial peptides: structure, functions and translational applications.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025Review
- Molecular pathogenesis ofMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- Cyclization increases bactericidal activity of arginine-rich cationic cell-penetrating peptide forMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Phosphoethanolamine Transferases as Drug Discovery Targets for Therapeutic Treatment of Multi-Drug Resistant Pathogenic Gram-Negative Bacteria.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Bacterial resistance to antibacterial agents: Mechanisms, control strategies, and implications for global health.The Science of the total environment · 2023Review
- The role of bacterial transport systems in the removal of host antimicrobial peptides in Gram-negative bacteria.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2022Review
- Article
- The Potential of Human Peptide LL-37 as an Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Agent.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Efficacy of Antigonococcal CMP-Nonulosonate Therapeutics Require Cathelicidins.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Massive analysis of 64,628 bacterial genomes to decipher water reservoir and origin of mobile colistin resistance genes: is there another role for these enzymes?Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Interactions of the Skin PathogenFrontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Mechanisms of sexually transmitted infection-induced inflammation in women: implications for HIV risk.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2019Article
- Structural characterization of phosphoethanolamine-modified lipid A from probioticRSC advances · 2019Article
- Balancing mcr-1 expression and bacterial survival is a delicate equilibrium between essential cellular defence mechanisms.Nature communications · 2017Article
- Characterization of Two Novel Lipopolysaccharide Phosphoethanolamine Transferases in Pasteurella multocida and Their Role in Resistance to Cathelicidin-2.Infection and immunity · 2017Article
- Identification ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Haemophilus ducreyi resists the cytotoxic effects of human antimicrobial peptides (APs), including α-defensins, β-defensins, and the cathelicidin LL-37. Resistance to LL-37, mediated by the sensitive to antimicrobial peptide (Sap) transporter, is required for H. ducreyi virulence in humans. Cationic APs are attracted to the negatively charged bacterial cell surface. In other gram-negative bacteria, modification of lipopolysaccharide or lipooligosaccharide (LOS) by the addition of positively charged moieties, such as phosphoethanolamine (PEA), confers AP resistance by means of electrostatic repulsion. H. ducreyi LOS has PEA modifications at two sites, and we identified three genes (lptA, ptdA, and ptdB) in H. ducreyi with homology to a family of bacterial PEA transferases. We generated non-polar, unmarked mutants with deletions in one, two, or all three putative PEA transferase genes. The triple mutant was significantly more susceptible to both α- and β-defensins; complementation of all three genes restored parental levels of AP resistance. Deletion of all three PEA transferase genes also resulted in a significant increase in the negativity of the mutant cell surface. Mass spectrometric analysis revealed that LptA was required for PEA modification of lipid A; PtdA and PtdB did not affect PEA modification of LOS. In human inoculation experiments, the triple mutant was as virulent as its parent strain. While this is the first identified mechanism of resistance to α-defensins in H. ducreyi, our in vivo data suggest that resistance to cathelicidin LL-37 may be more important than defensin resistance to H. ducreyi pathogenesis.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.