Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25900804›Full record

ReviewPreventive medicine2015

Smoking and cardiac rehabilitation participation: Associations with referral, attendance and adherence.

Diann E Gaalema, Alexander Y Cutler, Stephen T Higgins, Philip A Ades

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Preventive medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
39citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.6field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Observational
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Patient Characteristics and Outcomes by Sex and Smoking Status in Pulmonary and Cardiac Rehabilitation.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Barriers to Cardiac Rehabilitation among Patients Diagnosed with Cardiovascular Diseases-A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Carbon monoxide monitoring to objectively measure smoking status in cardiac rehabilitation.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2022
    Article
  18. Benchmarking Depressive Symptoms in Cardiac Rehabilitation.Journal of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and prevention · 2022
    Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Diann E GaalemaVermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, USA. Electronic address: dgaalema@uvm.edu.
Alexander Y CutlerVermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, USA.
Stephen T HigginsVermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, USA.
Philip A AdesVermont Center on Behavior and Health, University of Vermont, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Vermont Medical Center, USA.
University of Vermont · US

Funding

Vermont Center on Behavior and HealthP20GM103644 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT & ST AGRIC COLLEGE · PI HIGGINS, STEPHEN T · 2013 to 2022
$21.3M
Vermont Center on Tobacco Regulatory ScienceP50DA036114 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT & ST AGRIC COLLEGE · PI HIGGINS, STEPHEN T · 2013 to 2017
$19.1M
NIDA NIH HHS P50 DA036114NIDA NIH HHS P50DA036114NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM103644NIGMS NIH HHS P20GM103644
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveContinued smoking after a cardiac event greatly increases mortality risk. Smoking cessation and participation in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) are effective in reducing morbidity and mortality. However, these two behaviors may interact; those who smoke may be less likely to access or complete CR. This review explores the association between smoking status and CR referral, attendance, and adherence.

methodsA systematic literature search was conducted examining associations between smoking status and CR referral, attendance and completion in peer-reviewed studies published through July 1st, 2014. For inclusion, studies had to report data on outpatient CR referral, attendance or completion rates and smoking status had to be considered as a variable associated with these outcomes.

resultsFifty-six studies met inclusion criteria. In summary, a history of smoking was associated with an increased likelihood of referral to CR. However, smoking status also predicted not attending CR and was a strong predictor of CR dropout.

conclusionContinued smoking after a cardiac event predicts lack of attendance in, and completion of CR. The issue of smoking following a coronary event deserves renewed attention.

Indexed as

Patient ComplianceReferral and ConsultationSmokingSmoking CessationCoronary DiseaseFemaleHumansMalePatient DropoutsPostoperative ComplicationsRisk FactorsSurvival RateAdherenceAttendanceCardiac rehabilitationDropoutEnrollmentParticipationReferralSmokingSmoking cessation

Identifiers

PMID25900804
PMCPMC4592377
OpenAlexW1980496457

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.