ReviewNature reviews. Rheumatology2015
A look behind the scenes: the risk and pathogenesis of primary osteoporosis.
Review in Nature reviews. Rheumatology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 152 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
152 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 282 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of exercise on bone mineral density and bone turnover markers in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Pooled it
- High prevalence and risk factors for osteoporosis in 1839 patients with systemic sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical rheumatology · 2023Pooled it
- Life-Course Genome-wide Association Study Meta-analysis of Total Body BMD and Assessment of Age-Specific Effects.American journal of human genetics · 2018Pooled it
- Clinical guidelines for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis: summary statements and recommendations from the Italian Society for Orthopaedics and Traumatology.Journal of orthopaedics and traumatology : official journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology · 2017Guideline
- Prevalence, risk factors and adverse health outcomes of osteosarcopenia in middle-aged and older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus-a scoping review.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2026Review
- Nuciferine Ameliorates Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss via TFEB-Mediated Autophagy-Lysosomal Pathway.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- BICC1 attenuates oxidative stress-induced osteogenic injury via regulation of the PDK/PDH axis in MC3T3-E1 cells.Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes · 2026Article
- The pathogenesis and intersecting mechanisms of monogenic bone mass disorders.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- Medicine-food homologous bioactives in metabolic dysregulation-associated osteoporosis: a review of preclinical evidence and potential liver-bone and gut-bone actions.Chinese medicine · 2026Review
- Multinomial risk modeling of osteopenia and osteoporosis in Iraqi women: comparative contributions of osteoprotegerin and vitamin D3.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2026Article
- miR-34c-3p promotes osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by inhibiting DCBLD2 activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.Journal of molecular histology · 2026Article
- Sustained and reversible effects of a dietary phosphate intake on bone and mineral metabolism during aging.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Decoding the Bone-Eye Axis: Machine Learning for Age-Related Macular Degeneration Risk Prediction.Cyborg and bionic systems (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Lifestyle clusters and bone mineral density in Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study with cluster analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- METTL3 inhibits LINC00312 to suppress osteoporosis progression in a YTHDF2‑dependent manner.International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Metabolic signatures in osteoporotic cancellous bone: a comprehensive dual-platform metabolomic analysis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- Supplementation with a Salmon Bone Complex (CalGoBiomedicines · 2025Article
- Genome-wide insights of shared genetic architecture between menstrual traits and bone mineral density.Endocrine connections · 2025Article
- Performance of the Primary Osteoporosis Screening Tool (POST) in osteoporosis screening: a cross-sectional study in China.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Studies on the Role of MAP4K2, SPI1, and CTSD in Osteoporosis.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2025Article
92 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common disorder, affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide, and characterized by decreased bone mineral density and increased fracture risk. Known nonheritable risk factors for primary osteoporosis include advanced age, sex-steroid deficiency and increased oxidative stress. Age is a nonmodifiable risk factor, but the influence of a person's lifestyle (diet and physical activity) on their bone structure and density is modifiable to some extent. Heritable factors influencing bone fragility can be monogenic or polygenic. Osteogenesis imperfecta, juvenile osteoporosis and syndromes of decreased bone density are discussed as examples of monogenic disorders associated with bone fragility. So far, the factors associated with polygenic osteoporosis have been investigated mainly in genome-wide association studies. However, epigenetic mechanisms also contribute to the heritability of polygenic osteoporosis. Identification of these heritable and nonheritable risk factors has already led to the discovery of therapeutic targets for osteoporosis, which emphasizes the importance of research into the pathogenetic mechanisms of osteoporosis. Accordingly, this article discusses the many heritable and nonheritable factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of primary osteoporosis. Although osteoporosis can also develop secondary to many other diseases or their treatment, a discussion of the factors that contribute only to secondary osteoporosis is beyond the scope of this Review.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.