Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25900066›Full record

ReviewCNS spectrums2015

Impulsivity and aggression in schizophrenia: a neural circuitry perspective with implications for treatment.

Matthew J Hoptman

Registry-linked trialOpen access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in CNS spectrums, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07434479 (A Virtual Reality Mindfulness Application for Aggression in Schizophrenia), which is not on this map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
48citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.7field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07434479 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

A Virtual Reality Mindfulness Application for Aggression in Schizophrenia

TypeinterventionalSponsorManhattan Psychiatric CenterRan2026 to 2027Enrolled58ConditionsSchizophrenia Disorder, Schizoaffecitve Disorder, AggressionArmsMindfulness-Based Virtual Reality Intervention
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 136 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
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  4. Review
  5. A ventral hippocampus to nucleus accumbens pathway regulates impulsivity in male but not female rats.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026
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  9. A ventral hippocampus to nucleus accumbens pathway regulates impulsivity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.

Matthew J HoptmanSchizophrenia Research Division,Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research,Orangeburg,New York,USA;Department of Psychiatry,New York University School of Medicine,New York,New York,USA;Department of Psychology,City University of New York,New York,New York,USA.
Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research · US

Funding

Frontal White Matter and Impulsivity in SchizophreniaR01MH064783 · NIMH · NATHAN S. KLINE INSTITUTE FOR PSYCH RES · PI HOPTMAN, MATTHEW J · 2004 to 2007
$952k
Functional connectivity and DTI in schizophreniaR21MH084031 · NIMH · NATHAN S. KLINE INSTITUTE FOR PSYCH RES · PI HOPTMAN, MATTHEW J · 2009 to 2010
$428k
NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH064783NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH084031
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Elevations of impulsive behavior have been observed in a number of serious mental illnesses. These phenomena can lead to harmful behaviors, including violence, and thus represent a serious public health concern. Such violence is often a reason for psychiatric hospitalization, and it often leads to prolonged hospital stays, suffering by patients and their victims, and increased stigmatization. Despite the attention paid to violence, little is understood about its neural basis in schizophrenia. On a psychological level, aggression in schizophrenia has been primarily attributed to psychotic symptoms, desires for instrumental gain, or impulsive responses to perceived personal slights. Often, multiple attributions can coexist during a single aggressive incident. In this review, I discuss the neural circuitry associated with impulsivity and aggression in schizophrenia, with an emphasis on implications for treatment. Impulsivity appears to account for a great deal of aggression in schizophrenia, especially in inpatient settings. Urgency, defined as impulsivity in the context of strong emotion, is the primary focus of this article. It is elevated in several psychiatric disorders, and in schizophrenia, it has been related to aggression. Many studies have implicated dysfunctional frontotemporal circuitry in impulsivity and aggression in schizophrenia, and pharmacological treatments may act via that circuitry to reduce urgency and aggressive behaviors; however, more mechanistic studies are critically needed. Recent studies point toward manipulable neurobehavioral targets and suggest that cognitive, pharmacological, neuromodulatory, and neurofeedback treatment approaches can be developed to ameliorate urgency and aggression in schizophrenia. It is hoped that these approaches will improve treatment efficacy.

Indexed as

Impulsive BehaviorSchizophrenic PsychologyAggressionHumansNerve NetNeurobiologyaggressionFunctional connectivityimpulsivityMRIneuroimagingschizophreniatreatmenturgencyviolence

Identifiers

PMID25900066
PMCPMC4441843
OpenAlexW2131901600

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.