Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25899622›Full record

ArticleDiabetes/metabolism research and reviews2015

Trends in the incidence of diabetes, its clinical sequelae, and associated costs in pregnancy.

Lois Jovanovič, Yuanjie Liang, Wayne Weng, Marianthe Hamilton, Lisa Chen, Neil Wintfeld

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In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
46citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

46 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Guideline
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
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  5. Postpartum Hospital Readmissions Among Women With Gestational Diabetes and Pregestational Diabetes in the United States, 2016 to 2022.Women's health issues : official publication of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health · 2026
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  16. A1C: Episode 1.Clinical diabetes : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Lois JovanovičSansum Diabetes Research Institute, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
Yuanjie LiangNovo Nordisk Inc., Plainsboro, NJ, USA.
Wayne WengNovo Nordisk Inc., Plainsboro, NJ, USA.
Marianthe HamiltonNovo Nordisk Inc., Plainsboro, NJ, USA.
Lisa ChenNovo Nordisk Inc., Plainsboro, NJ, USA.
Neil WintfeldNovo Nordisk Inc., Plainsboro, NJ, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIncreasing diabetes prevalence affects a substantial number of pregnant women in the United States. Our aims were to evaluate health outcomes, medical costs, risks and types of complications associated with diabetes in pregnancy for mothers and newborns.

methodsIn this retrospective claims analysis, patients were identified from the Truven Health MarketScan(®) database (2004-2011 inclusive). Participants were aged 18-45 years, with ascertainable diabetes status [Yes/No], date of birth event >2005 and continuous health plan enrolment ≥21 months before and 3 months after the birth.

resultsIn total, 839 792 pregnancies were identified, and 66 041 (7.86%) were associated with diabetes mellitus [type 1 (T1DM), 0.13%; type 2 (T2DM), 1.21%; gestational (GDM), 6.29%; and GDM progressing to T2DM (patients without prior diabetes who had a T2DM diagnosis after the birth event), 0.23%]. Relative risk (RR) of stillbirth (2.51), miscarriage (1.28) and Caesarean section (C-section) (1.77) was significantly greater with T2DM versus non-diabetes. Risk of C-section was also significantly greater for other diabetes types [RR 1.92 (T1DM); 1.37 (GDM); 1.63 (GDM progressing to T2DM)]. Risk of overall major congenital (RR ≥ 1.17), major congenital circulatory (RR ≥ 1.19) or major congenital heart (RR ≥ 1.18) complications was greater in newborns of mothers with diabetes versus without. Mothers with T2DM had significantly higher risk (RR ≥ 1.36) of anaemia, depression, hypertension, infection, migraine, or cardiac, obstetrical or respiratory complications than non-diabetes patients. Mean medical costs were higher with all diabetes types, particularly T1DM ($27 531), than non-diabetes ($14 355).

conclusionsComplications and costs of healthcare were greater with diabetes, highlighting the need to optimize diabetes management in pregnancy.

Indexed as

Health Care CostsAbortion, SpontaneousAdolescentAdultAnemiaCesarean SectionCongenital AbnormalitiesDepressionDiabetes, GestationalDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleHeart Defects, CongenitalHumansIncidenceInfant, Newborncost-effectivenessdiabetes complicationsgestational diabetespregnancytype 1 diabetestype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID25899622
PMCPMC4676929

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.