ArticlePloS one2015
Selective stimulation of penumbral cones reveals perception in the shadow of retinal blood vessels.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Binocular combination in the autonomic nervous system.PloS one · 2026Article
- Asymmetric activation of retinal ON and OFF pathways by AOSLO raster-scanned visual stimuli.Biomedical optics express · 2025Article
- Multimodal imaging of dark without pressure in high myopia reveals evidence that photoreceptor microscopic lesions may be reversible.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- 40 Hz visual stimulation during sleep evokes neuronal gamma activity in NREM and REM stages.Sleep · 2025Article
- What can the eye see with melanopsin?Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Temporal Sensitivity for Achromatic and Chromatic Flicker across the Visual Cortex.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Article
- Melanopsin-mediated amplification of cone signals in the human visual cortex.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2024Article
- Temporal sensitivity for achromatic and chromatic flicker across the visual cortex.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- PySilSub: An open-source Python toolbox for implementing the method of silent substitution in vision and nonvisual photoreception research.Journal of vision · 2023Article
- Daylights with high melanopsin stimulation appear reddish in fovea and greenish in periphery.PloS one · 2023Article
- The role of melanopsin photoreception on visual attention linked pupil responses.The European journal of neuroscience · 2022Article
- Reflexive Eye Closure in Response to Cone and Melanopsin Stimulation: A Study of Implicit Measures of Light Sensitivity in Migraine.Neurology · 2021Article
- Melanopic stimulation does not alter psychophysical threshold sensitivity for luminance flicker.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- A quadratic model captures the human V1 response to variations in chromatic direction and contrast.eLife · 2021Article
- Predictive value of retinal function by the Purkinje test in patients scheduled for cataract surgery in Kinshasa, DR Congo.International journal of ophthalmology · 2021Article
- A neural correlate of visual discomfort from flicker.Journal of vision · 2020Article
- Melanopsin contributions to non-visual and visual function.Current opinion in behavioral sciences · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In 1819, Johann Purkinje described how a moving light source that displaces the shadow of the retinal blood vessels to adjacent cones can produce the entopic percept of a branching tree. Here, we describe a novel method for producing a similar percept. We used a device that mixes 56 narrowband primaries under computer control, in conjunction with the method of silent substitution, to present observers with a spectral modulation that selectively targeted penumbral cones in the shadow of the retinal blood vessels. Such a modulation elicits a clear Purkinje-tree percept. We show that the percept is specific to penumbral L and M cone stimulation and is not produced by selective penumbral S cone stimulation. The Purkinje-tree percept was strongest at 16 Hz and fell off at lower (8 Hz) and higher (32 Hz) temporal frequencies. Selective stimulation of open-field cones that are not in shadow, with penumbral cones silenced, also produced the percept, but it was not seen when penumbral and open-field cones were modulated together. This indicates the need for spatial contrast between penumbral and open-field cones to create the Purkinje-tree percept. Our observation provides a new means for studying the response of retinally stabilized images and demonstrates that penumbral cones can support spatial vision. Further, the result illustrates a way in which silent substitution techniques can fail to be silent. We show that inadvertent penumbral cone stimulation can accompany melanopsin-directed modulations that are designed only to silence open-field cones. This in turn can result in visual responses that might be mistaken as melanopsin-driven.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.