ArticleBMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation2015
An experimental study of muscular injury repair in a mouse model of notexin-induced lesion with EPI® technique.
Article in BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05390359 (Characterization of the Effects on Bioimpedance and the Sensorimotor System After the Application of Percutaneous Electrolysis Protocols on the Patellar Tendon.), which is not on this map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Characterization of the Effects on Bioimpedance and the Sensorimotor System After the Application of Percutaneous Electrolysis Protocols on the Patellar Tendon.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness of percutaneous electrolysis in subacute and early chronic medial gastrocnemius muscle injuries: a single-blinded randomized clinical trial.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Trial
- Percutaneous Electrolysis for Patellar Tendinopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Improvement responses in patellar tendinopathy patients treated with ultrasound-guided galvanic electrolysis technique: A 3-year follow-up study.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2025Article
- Biological and Cellular Effects of Percutaneous Electrolysis: A Systematic Review.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Precision and Safety of Ultrasound-Guided versus Palpation-Guided Needle Placement on the Patellar Tendon: A Cadaveric Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Application of Percutaneous Needle Electrolysis Does Not Elicit Temperature Changes: An In Vitro Cadaveric Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Endogenous Pain Modulation in Response to a Single Session of Percutaneous Electrolysis in Healthy Population: A Double-Blinded Randomized Clinical Trial.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Protective action of ultrasound-guided electrolysis technique on the muscle damage induced by notexin in rats.PloS one · 2022Article
- Effects of Percutaneous Electrolysis on Endogenous Pain Modulation: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study Protocol.Brain sciences · 2021Article
- The conservative treatment of longstanding adductor-related groin pain syndrome: a critical and systematic review.Biology of sport · 2021Review
- Comparative study of treatment interventions for patellar tendinopathy: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial.BMJ open · 2020Article
- Percutaneous Needle Electrolysis Reverses Neurographic Signs of Nerve Entrapment by Induced Fibrosis in Mice.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2020Article
- Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Needle Electrolysis in Dancers with Chronic Soleus Injury: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2020Article
- Percutaneous Application of Galvanic Current in Rodents Reverses Signs of Myofascial Trigger Points.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2020Article
- Comparing two dry needling interventions for plantar heel pain: a protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2019Article
- Muscle injuries and strategies for improving their repair.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe mechanisms of muscle injury repair after EPI® technique, a treatment based on electrical stimulation, have not been described. This study determines whether EPI® therapy could improve muscle damage.
methodsTwenty-four rats were divided into a control group, Notexin group (7 and 14 days) and a Notexin + EPI group. To induce muscle injury, Notexin was injected in the quadriceps of the left extremity of rats. Pro-inflammatory interleukin 1-beta (IL-1beta) and tumoral necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were determined by ELISA. The expression of receptor peroxisome gamma proliferator activator (PPAR-gamma), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGF-R1) were determined by western-blot.
resultsThe plasma levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in Notexin-injured rats showed a significant increase compared with the control group. EPI® produced a return of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta values to control levels. PPAR-gamma expression diminished injured quadriceps muscle in rats. EPI® increased PPAR-gamma, VEGF and VEGF-R1 expressions. EPI® decreased plasma levels of pro-inflammatory TNF-alpha and IL-1beta and increased anti-inflammatory PPAR-gamma and proangiogenic factors as well as VEGF and VEGF-R1 expressions.
conclusionThe EPI® technique may affect inflammatory mediators in damaged muscle tissue and influences the new vascularization of the injured area. These results suggest that EPI® might represent a useful new therapy for the treatment of muscle injuries. Although our study in rats may represent a valid approach to evaluate EPI® treatment, studies designed to determine how the EPI® treatment may affect recovery of injury in humans are needed.
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Registered trials
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