ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2015
Astrocyte response to IFN-γ limits IL-6-mediated microglia activation and progressive autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- The cytokines interleukin-6 and interferon-α induce distinct microglia phenotypes.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Pooled it
- Establishment and Optimization of a Human Flow-Based Hollow FiberPharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Effect of Interleukin-6 Inhibitors on Rheumatoid Arthritis Pain: Overview of Evidence and Mechanistic Pathways.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2026Review
- Mechanisms and therapeutic advances of gut metabolites in the regulation of neuroimmune inflammatory diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Electroacupuncture alleviates blood-brain barrier disruption and neuroinflammation via astrocytic MC4R in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Beyond the gut: decoding the gut-immune-brain axis in health and disease.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Review
- Acupuncture regulates astrocyte neurotoxic polarization to protect blood-brain barrier integrity in delayed thrombolysis through mediating ERK1/2/Cx43 axis.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2025Article
- BATF2 is a regulator of interferon-γ signaling in astrocytes during neuroinflammation.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Elevated monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio is associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment and severe cerebral small vessel disease burden.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Should We Consider Neurodegeneration by Itself or in a Triangulation with Neuroinflammation and Demyelination? The Example of Multiple Sclerosis and Beyond.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Interactions and Trends of Interleukins, PAI-1, CRP, and TNF-α in Inflammatory Responses during the Perioperative Period of Joint Arthroplasty: Implications for Pain Management-A Narrative Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
- Formyl peptide receptor 2 regulates dendritic cell metabolism and Th17 cell differentiation during neuroinflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Temporal changes of spinal microglia in murine models of neuropathic pain: a scoping review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Altered Peptide Ligand-Loaded Dendritic Cell Act as A Therapeutic Vaccine for Spinal Cord Injury Through Eliciting CD4Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Ifit2 restricts murine coronavirus spread to the spinal cord white matter and its associated myelin pathology.Journal of virology · 2023Article
- Microglia and Brain Disorders: The Role of Vitamin D and Its Receptor.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Overview of diet and autoimmune demyelinating optic neuritis: a narrative review.Immunometabolism (Cobham, Surrey) · 2023Review
- Bystander activation of microglia byFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Drug repurposing based on the similarity gene expression signatures to explore for potential indications of quercetin: a case study of multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in chemistry · 2023Article
- Novel pathophysiological insights into CAR-T cell associated neurotoxicity.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTherapeutic modalities effective in patients with progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) are limited. In a murine model of progressive MS, the sustained disability during the chronic phase of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) correlated with elevated expression of interleukin (IL)-6, a cytokine with pleiotropic functions and therapeutic target for non-central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune disease. Sustained IL-6 expression in astrocytes restricted to areas of demyelination suggested that IL-6 plays a major role in disease progression during chronic EAE.
methodsA progressive form of EAE was induced using transgenic mice expressing a dominant negative interferon-γ (IFN-γ) receptor alpha chain under control of human glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter (GFAPγR1Δ mice). The role of IL-6 in regulating progressive CNS autoimmunity was assessed by treating GFAPγR1Δ mice with anti-IL-6 neutralizing antibody during chronic EAE.
resultsIL-6 neutralization restricted disease progression and decreased disability, myelin loss, and axonal damage without affecting astrogliosis. IL-6 blockade reduced CNS inflammation by limiting inflammatory cell proliferation; however, the relative frequencies of CNS leukocyte infiltrates, including the Th1, Th17, and Treg CD4 T cell subsets, were not altered. IL-6 blockade rather limited the activation and proliferation of microglia, which correlated with higher expression of Galectin-1, a regulator of microglia activation expressed by astrocytes.
conclusionsThese data demonstrate that astrocyte-derived IL-6 is a key mediator of progressive disease and support IL-6 blockade as a viable intervention strategy to combat progressive MS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.