ArticleCancer letters2015
The differential role of human macrophage in triggering secondary bystander effects after either gamma-ray or carbon beam irradiation.
Article in Cancer letters, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Macrophage polarization regulated by the βTrCP-NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway is required for valproic acid's dual role in breast tumor radiosensitivity and normal tissue radioprotection.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Identification of Genomic Instability-Associated LncRNAs as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Lung Adenocarcinoma.Cancers · 2025Article
- Myriad factors and pathways influencing tumor radiotherapy resistance.Open life sciences · 2024Review
- Primary and Secondary Bystander Effects of Proton Microbeam Irradiation on Human Lung Cancer Cells under Hypoxic Conditions.Biology · 2023Article
- Radiation effects on lithium metal batteries.Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · 2023Article
- Radiation-induced tumor immune microenvironments and potential targets for combination therapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Review
- Review
- M1-like, but not M0- or M2-like, macrophages, reduce RSV infection of primary bronchial epithelial cells in a media-dependent fashion.PloS one · 2022Article
- Role of Mitochondria in Radiation Responses: Epigenetic, Metabolic, and Signaling Impacts.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Investigation on the Direct and Bystander Effects in HeLa Cells Exposed to Very Low α-Radiation Using Electrical Impedance Measurement.ACS omega · 2021Article
- It takes a village: microbiota, parainflammation, paligenosis and bystander effects in colorectal cancer initiation.Disease models & mechanisms · 2021Review
- The Roles of HIF-1α in Radiosensitivity and Radiation-Induced Bystander Effects Under Hypoxia.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
- Macrophage contributes to radiation-induced anti-tumor abscopal effect on transplanted breast cancer by HMGB1/TNF-α signaling factors.International journal of biological sciences · 2021Article
- Research Progress and Existing Problems for Abscopal Effect.Cancer management and research · 2020Review
- Ionizing Radiation and Complex DNA Damage: From Prediction to Detection Challenges and Biological Significance.Cancers · 2019Review
- Radiation, inflammation and the immune response in cancer.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2018Review
- Radiation quality effects alteration in COX-2 pathway to trigger radiation-induced bystander response in A549 lung carcinoma cells.Journal of radiation research · 2018Article
- Chromatin remodeling modulates radiosensitivity of the daughter cells derived from cell population exposed to low- and high-LET irradiation.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- Intercellular Communication of Tumor Cells and Immune Cells after Exposure to Different Ionizing Radiation Qualities.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- Protective effect of mild endoplasmic reticulum stress on radiation-induced bystander effects in hepatocyte cells.Scientific reports · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The abscopal effect could be an underlying factor in evaluating prognosis of radiotherapy. This study established an in vitro system to examine whether tumor-generated bystander signals could be transmitted by macrophages to further trigger secondary cellular responses after different irradiations, where human lung cancer NCI-H446 cells were irradiated with either γ-rays or carbon ions and co-cultured with human macrophage U937 cells, then these U937 cells were used as a bystander signal transmitter and co-cultured with human bronchial epithelial cells BEAS-2B. Results showed that U937 cells were only activated by γ-irradiated NCI-H446 cells so that the secondary injuries in BEAS-2B cells under carbon ion irradiation were weaker than γ-rays. Both TNF-α and IL-1α were involved in the γ-irradiation induced secondary bystander effect but only TNF-α contributed to the carbon ion induced response. Further assay disclosed that IL-1α but not TNF-α was largely responsible for the activation of macrophages and the formation of micronucleus in BEAS-2B cells. These data suggest that macrophages could transfer secondary bystander signals and play a key role in the secondary bystander effect of photon irradiation, while carbon ion irradiation has conspicuous advantage due to its reduced secondary injury.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.