ArticleParasites & vectors2015
Improved sensitivity of the urine CAA lateral-flow assay for diagnosing active Schistosoma infections by using larger sample volumes.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Repeated doses of Praziquantel in Schistosomiasis Treatment (RePST) - single versus multiple praziquantel treatments in school-aged children in Côte d'Ivoire: a study protocol for an open-label, randomised controlled trial.BMC infectious diseases · 2018Trial
- Refining Diagnosis ofFrontiers in immunology · 2018Trial
- Diagnostic accuracy of plasma cell-free DNA qPCR for Schistosoma haematobium assessed by Bayesian latent class analysis in a cohort of pregnant women from Lambaréné, Gabon.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2026Article
- Effect of urine storage conditions on circulating anodic antigen detection using the UCP-LF CAA test.Frontiers in parasitology · 2026Article
- Preliminary Evaluation of the Diagnostic Performance of OvMANE1 and OvMCBL02 Multiepitope Antigens for the Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Onchocerciasis Exposure.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Identification of a circulating carbohydrate antigen as a highly specific and sensitive target for schistosomiasis serology.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2025Article
- Detection and analysis of Serpin and RP26 specific antibodies for monitoring Schistosoma haematobium transmission.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Capacities and needs of health care facilities for schistosomiasis diagnosis and management in elimination settings.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Flow-S: A Field-Deployable Device with Minimal Hands-On Effort to Concentrate and QuantifyDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Detecting twoFrontiers in parasitology · 2024Article
- Baseline soil-transmitted helminth and schistosome infection in the Geshiyaro project, Ethiopia: A unique transmission interruption project using biometric fingerprinting for longitudinal individual analysis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Schistosoma mansoni infection alters the host pre-vaccination environment resulting in blunted Hepatitis B vaccination immune responses.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Sensitivity and specificity of human point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) test in African livestock for rapid diagnosis of schistosomiasis: A Bayesian latent class analysis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Comparative assessment of the SjSAP4-incorporated gold immunochromatographic assay for the diagnosis of human schistosomiasis japonica.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- UCP-LF and other assay methods for schistosome circulating anodic antigen between 1978 and 2022.Biology methods & protocols · 2023Review
- Subclinical signs of podocyte injury associated with Circulating Anodic Antigen (CAA) in Schistosoma mansoni-infected patients in Brazil.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2023Article
- Diagnosis of Schistosomiasis without a Microscope: Evaluating Circulating Antigen (CCA, CAA) and DNA Detection Methods on Banked Samples of a Community-Based Survey from DR Congo.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Article
- Screening of a Library of Recombinant Schistosoma mansoni Proteins With Sera From Murine and Human Controlled Infections Identifies Early Serological Markers.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Paper and thread as media for the frugal detection of urinary tract infections (UTIs).Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2022Review
- The Road to Elimination: Current State of Schistosomiasis Research and Progress Towards the End Game.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAccurate determination of Schistosoma infection rates in low endemic regions to examine progress towards interruption of transmission and elimination requires highly sensitive diagnostic tools. An existing lateral flow (LF) based test demonstrating ongoing infections through detection of worm circulating anodic antigen (CAA), was improved for sensitivity through implementation of a protocol allowing increased sample input. Urine is the preferred sample as collection is non-invasive and sample volume is generally not a restriction.
methodsCentrifugal filtration devices provided a method to concentrate supernatant of urine samples extracted with trichloroacetic acid (TCA). For field trials a practical sample volume of 2 mL urine allowed detection of CAA down to 0.3 pg/mL. The method was evaluated on a set of urine samples (n = 113) from an S. mansoni endemic region (Kisumu, Kenya) and compared to stool microscopy (Kato Katz, KK). In this analysis true positivity was defined as a sample with either a positive KK or UCAA test.
resultsImplementation of the concentration method increased clinical sensitivity (Sn) from 44 to 98% when moving from the standard 10 μL (UCAA10 assay) to 2000 μL (UCAA2000 assay) urine sample input. Sn for KK varied between 23 and 35% for a duplicate KK (single stool, two slides) to 52% for a six-fold KK (three consecutive day stools, two slides). The UCAA2000 assay indicated 47 positive samples with CAA concentration above 0.3 pg/mL. The six-fold KK detected 25 egg positives; 1 sample with 2 eggs detected in the 6-fold KK was not identified with the UCAA2000 assay.
conclusionsLarger sample input increased Sn of the UCAA assay to a level indicating 'true' infection. Only a single 2 mL urine sample is needed, but analysing larger sample volumes could still increase test accuracy. The UCAA2000 test is an appropriate candidate for accurate identification of all infected individuals in low-endemic regions. Assay materials do not require refrigeration and collected urine samples may be stored and transported to central test laboratories without the need to be frozen.
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