ArticleInfection and immunity2015
An Invertron-Like Linear Plasmid Mediates Intracellular Survival and Virulence in Bovine Isolates of Rhodococcus equi.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Pleuropneumonia and mediastinitis caused byFrontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Plasmidial virulence of Rhodococcus equi and its implications of livestock infections for human health: a possible foodborne pathogen?Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2026Review
- Rhodococcus equi infection in Japanese Black Cattle in Japan: 12 case reports and literature review.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2025Review
- Isolation of vapA-positive Rhodococcus equi from soil and fecal samples in Mongolia.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2025Article
- Multi-host distribution of Rhodococcus equi (Prescottella equi) strains and their phylogenomic clustering.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Protective immune response against Rhodococcus equi: An innate immunity-focused review.Equine veterinary journal · 2025Review
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- Whole-genome sequencing and pathogenicity analysis of Rhodococcus equi isolated in horses.BMC veterinary research · 2024Article
- Isolation of vapB-positive Rhodococcus equi from submaxillary lymph nodes with or without granulomatous lesions in growing-finishing pigs in Japan.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2024Article
- Exploring the Accessory Genome of Multidrug-ResistantAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Identification of vaccine candidates againstHeliyon · 2023Article
- An Autobioluminescent Method for EvaluatingMicrobiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Genomic Characteristics Revealed Plasmid-Mediated Pathogenicity and Ubiquitous Rifamycin Resistance ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Responses to Ecopollutants and Pathogenization Risks of SaprotrophicPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Horizontal Gene Transfer of Genes Encoding Copper-Containing Membrane-Bound Monooxygenase (CuMMO) and Soluble Di-iron Monooxygenase (SDIMO) in Ethane- and Propane-OxidizingApplied and environmental microbiology · 2021Article
- Epidemiology and Molecular Basis of Multidrug Resistance in Rhodococcus equi.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2021Review
- Virulence Plasmids ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
We report a novel host-associated virulence plasmid in Rhodococcus equi, pVAPN, carried by bovine isolates of this facultative intracellular pathogenic actinomycete. Surprisingly, pVAPN is a 120-kb invertron-like linear replicon unrelated to the circular virulence plasmids associated with equine (pVAPA) and porcine (pVAPB variant) R. equi isolates. pVAPN is similar to the linear plasmid pNSL1 from Rhodococcus sp. NS1 and harbors six new vap multigene family members (vapN to vapS) in a vap pathogenicity locus presumably acquired via en bloc mobilization from a direct predecessor of equine pVAPA. Loss of pVAPN rendered R. equi avirulent in macrophages and mice. Mating experiments using an in vivo transconjugant selection strategy demonstrated that pVAPN transfer is sufficient to confer virulence to a plasmid-cured R. equi recipient. Phylogenetic analyses assigned the vap multigene family complement from pVAPN, pVAPA, and pVAPB to seven monophyletic clades, each containing plasmid type-specific allelic variants of a precursor vap gene carried by the nearest vap island ancestor. Deletion of vapN, the predicted "bovine-type" allelic counterpart of vapA, essential for virulence in pVAPA, abrogated pVAPN-mediated intramacrophage proliferation and virulence in mice. Our findings support a model in which R. equi virulence is conferred by host-adapted plasmids. Their central role is mediating intracellular proliferation in macrophages, promoted by a key vap determinant present in the common ancestor of the plasmid-specific vap islands, with host tropism as a secondary trait selected during coevolution with specific animal species.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.