Observational studyCritical care (London, England)2015
Association of gender to outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest--a report from the International Cardiac Arrest Registry.
Observational study in Critical care (London, England), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex differences in treatments and outcomes of patients with cardiogenic shock: a systematic review and epidemiological meta-analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2024Pooled it
- Sex differences in survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a meta-analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2020Pooled it
- Long-Term Outcomes and Recovery Trajectories in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A 2-Year Follow-Up of the Randomized Clinical TTM2 Trial.JAMA neurology · 2026Trial
- Artificial neural networks improve early outcome prediction and risk classification in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients admitted to intensive care.Critical care (London, England) · 2020Trial
- Clinical characteristics of patients with cardiogenic shock after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) compared to patients with cardiogenic shock without OHCA.Cardiology journal · 2026Article
- Diversity of CPR manikins for basic life support education: use of manikin sex, race and body shape - a scoping review.Emergency medicine journal : EMJ · 2025Article
- Sex disparities in ICU care and outcomes after cardiac arrest: a Swiss nationwide analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Article
- Comparative Efficacy of Extracorporeal Versus Conventional Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Adult Refractory Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Retrospective Study at a Single Center.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Gender disparities in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: implications for public health and bystander interventions in Zhengzhou.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- CPR training as a gender and rights-based healthcare issue.Health promotion international · 2024Observational
- Differential Effects of Targeted Temperature Management on Sex-Dependent Outcomes After Experimental Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest.Therapeutic hypothermia and temperature management · 2024Article
- Global Sex Disparities in Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Scoping Review.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Incidence, characteristics, and prehospital outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Qatar: a nationwide gender-based investigation.International journal of emergency medicine · 2024Article
- Epidemiology and outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Salt Lake City: Sex-based investigations.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2024Article
- Review
- The interaction of sex and age on outcomes in emergency medical services-treated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A 5-year multicenter retrospective analysis.Resuscitation plus · 2024Article
- Documentation Completeness and Nurses' Perceptions of a Novel Electronic App for Medical Resuscitation in the Emergency Room: Mixed Methods Approach.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2024Article
- Variation in the Use of Targeted Temperature Management for Cardiac Arrest.The American journal of cardiology · 2023Article
- Sex Difference on Neurological Outcomes and Post-Cardiac Arrest Care in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients Treated with Targeted Temperature Management: Post-Hoc Study of a Prospective, Multicenter, Observational Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- The Impact of Body Mass Index on In-Hospital Mortality in Post-Cardiac-Arrest Patients-Does Sex Matter?Nutrients · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 9 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionPrevious studies have suggested an effect of gender on outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), but the results are conflicting. We aimed to investigate the association of gender to outcome, coronary angiography (CAG) and adverse events in OHCA survivors treated with mild induced hypothermia (MIH).
methodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from the International Cardiac Arrest Registry. Adult patients with a non-traumatic OHCA and treated with MIH were included. Good neurological outcome was defined as a cerebral performance category (CPC) of 1 or 2.
resultsA total of 1,667 patients, 472 women (28%) and 1,195 men (72%), met the inclusion criteria. Men were more likely to receive bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation, have an initial shockable rhythm and to have a presumed cardiac cause of arrest. At hospital discharge, men had a higher survival rate (52% vs. 38%, P < 0.001) and more often a good neurological outcome (43% vs. 32%, P < 0.001) in the univariate analysis. When adjusting for baseline characteristics, male gender was associated with improved survival (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.78) but no longer with neurological outcome (OR 1.24, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.67). Adverse events were common; women more often had hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia and bleeding requiring transfusion, while men had more pneumonia. In a subgroup analysis of patients with a presumed cardiac cause of arrest (n = 1,361), men more often had CAG performed on admission (58% vs. 50%, P = 0.02) but this discrepancy disappeared in an adjusted analysis.
conclusionsGender differences exist regarding cause of arrest, adverse events and outcome. Male gender was independently associated with survival but not with neurological outcome.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.