ReviewPsychological bulletin2015
Effects of sleep on memory for conditioned fear and fear extinction.
Review in Psychological bulletin, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 93 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Circadian Influence on Fear Extinction Resulting From Prolonged Exposure Therapy for PTSD
Mechanisms Underlying the Efficacy of Prolonged Exposure
Mechanisms Underlying Efficacy of Prolonged Exposure
Who cites it
93 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Nightmares and psychiatric symptoms: A systematic review of longitudinal, experimental, and clinical trial studies.Clinical psychology review · 2023Pooled it
- Using sleep to enhance exposure treatment for anxious children: A pilot study.The British journal of clinical psychology · 2026Trial
- Sleep to remember, sleep to protect: increased sleep spindle and theta activity predict fewer intrusive memories after analogue trauma.Translational psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Effects of intranasal oxytocin on fear extinction learning.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Trial
- Alpha-2 Adrenoreceptor Antagonist Yohimbine Potentiates Consolidation of Conditioned Fear.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2022Trial
- Effects of post-exposure naps on exposure therapy for social anxiety.Psychiatry research · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Shorter sleep duration predicts altered next-day physiologic, behavioral, and corticolimbic responses during fear extinction recall in youth.Neurobiology of learning and memory · 2026Article
- The physiological foundation of extinction improvement by tDCS over the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in healthy humans: an fMRI study.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Mechanistic Non-Response After Psychotherapy for Anxiety Disorders: A Maintenance-Mechanism-Based Clinical Taxonomy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Ventromedial prefrontal cortex activity during extinction recall suggests successful extinction learning via mental imagery.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2026Article
- Objective prenatal sleep and adverse childhood experiences in a proof-of-concept observational mixed methods study.iScience · 2026Article
- Development and validation of a prediction model for psychological distress in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer undergoing ¹³¹I therapy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Disrupted fear regulation in insomnia disorder revealed by arousal estimation from skin conductance.PLOS mental health · 2026Article
- Differential Associations Between Sleep Domains and Response to Prolonged Exposure Therapy.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Does sleep change the emotional bias in memory in older adults?Neuropsychologia · 2025Article
- Independent and Joint Associations of Physical Activity and Sleep on Mental Health Among a Global Sample of 200,743 Adults.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2025Article
- The impact of exercise interventions on sleep in adult populations with depression, anxiety, or posttraumatic stress: review of the current evidence and future directions.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2025Review
- Exploring the association between sleep and fear extinction learning in adolescents with anxiety and/or OCD: a study protocol.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2025Article
- Neural circuits and emotional processing in rapid eye movement sleep.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Learning and memory for extinction of conditioned fear is a basic mammalian mechanism for regulating negative emotion. Sleep promotes both the consolidation of memory and the regulation of emotion. Sleep can influence consolidation and modification of memories associated with both fear and its extinction. After brief overviews of the behavior and neural circuitry associated with fear conditioning, extinction learning, and extinction memory in the rodent and human, interactions of sleep with these processes will be examined. Animal and human studies suggest that sleep can serve to consolidate both fear and extinction memory. In humans, sleep also promotes generalization of extinction memory. Time-of-day effects on extinction learning and generalization are also seen. Rapid eye movement (REM) may be a sleep stage of particular importance for the consolidation of both fear and extinction memory as evidenced by selective REM deprivation experiments. REM sleep is accompanied by selective activation of the same limbic structures implicated in the learning and memory of fear and extinction. Preliminary evidence also suggests extinction learning can take place during slow wave sleep. Study of low-level processes such as conditioning, extinction, and habituation may allow sleep effects on emotional memory to be identified and inform study of sleep's effects on more complex, emotionally salient declarative memories. Anxiety disorders are marked by impairments of both sleep and extinction memory. Improving sleep quality may ameliorate anxiety disorders by strengthening naturally acquired extinction. Strategically timed sleep may be used to enhance treatment of anxiety by strengthening therapeutic extinction learned via exposure therapy. (PsycINFO Database Record
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.