ArticleThe American journal of forensic medicine and pathology2015
The significance of macrocephaly or enlarging head circumference in infants with the triad: further evidence of mimics of shaken baby syndrome.
Article in The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Traumatic shaking: The role of the triad in medical investigations of suspected traumatic shaking.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2018Pooled it
- Guidance for a clinical and forensic diagnosis of pediatric abusive head trauma: a narrative review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- Pathophysiological hypotheses of the triad in abusive infant shaking: A systematic review and analysis of corroborated cases.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2025Article
- Neuroradiological findings in children with subdural hematoma and suspected abusive head trauma.Annals of the Child Neurology Society · 2023Article
- Is external hydrocephalus a possible differential diagnosis when child abuse is suspected?Acta neurochirurgica · 2022Article
- Chronic subdural hemorrhage predisposes to development of cerebral venous thrombosis and associated retinal hemorrhages and subdural rebleeds in infants.The neuroradiology journal · 2022Article
- Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma: A Systematic Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Pediatric abusive head trauma.Biomedical journal · 2020Review
- Clinical guidelines for traumatic brain injuries in children and boys.European journal of translational myology · 2020Article
- Examining perinatal subdural haematoma as an aetiology of extra-axial hygroma and chronic subdural haematoma.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2020Review
- Epidemiology of subdural haemorrhage during infancy: A population-based register study.PloS one · 2018Article
- Child abuse: we have problems.Pediatric radiology · 2016Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Infants with the triad (neurologic dysfunction, subdural hematoma [SDH], and retinal hemorrhage) are often diagnosed as victims of shaken baby syndrome. Medical conditions/predisposing factors to developing the triad are often dismissed: short falls, birth-related SDH that enlarges, macrocephaly, sinus/cortical vein thrombosis, and others. Six infants with the triad are described in which child abuse was diagnosed, but parents denied wrongdoing. All 6 had either macrocephaly or enlarging head circumference, which suggested medical explanations. Three infants incurred short falls, 1 had a difficult delivery in which there was likely a rebleed of a birth-related SDH, 1 had a spontaneous SDH associated with increased extra-axial fluid spaces, and 1 had a sinus thrombosis. Following legal proceedings, all 6 infants were returned to their parents, and there has been no child maltreatment in follow-up, suggesting child abuse never happened. The results indicate that alternative medical explanations for causing the triad should be considered and that macrocephaly or an enlarging head circumference raises the possibility of a medical explanation.
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