ArticleOncogene2016
XactMice: humanizing mouse bone marrow enables microenvironment reconstitution in a patient-derived xenograft model of head and neck cancer.
Article in Oncogene, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 126 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autologous Thymic Organoids Support Functional T-cell Education and Enhance Antitumor Immunity in Humanized Mice with Melanoma Xenografts.Cancer research communications · 2025Article
- Characterization of the Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasm Immune Microenvironment.Cancer medicine · 2025Review
- Journey of CAR T‑cells: Emphasising the concepts and advancements in breast cancer (Review).International journal of oncology · 2023Review
- Review
- Generation, evolution, interfering factors, applications, and challenges of patient-derived xenograft models in immunodeficient mice.Cancer cell international · 2023Review
- Review
- Humanized mouse models for immuno-oncology research.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2023Review
- Review
- Mouse Models for Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapeutic Research in Oral Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Biomarkers and 3D models predicting response to immune checkpoint blockade in head and neck cancer (Review).International journal of oncology · 2022Review
- Precision Medicine in Head and Neck Cancers: Genomic and Preclinical Approaches.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Review
- Multicellular Modelling of Difficult-to-Treat Gastrointestinal Cancers: Current Possibilities and Challenges.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Opportunities and challenges of patient-derived models in cancer research: patient-derived xenografts, patient-derived organoid and patient-derived cells.World journal of surgical oncology · 2022Review
- Establishment and Identification of Patient-Derived Xenograft Model for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Journal of oncology · 2022Article
- Critical evaluation of an autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cell-based humanized cancer model.PloS one · 2022Article
- Translational challenges in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor immunotherapy.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer · 2021Review
- Preclinical Models for the Study of Lung Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy Development.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2021Review
- Current research developments of patient-derived tumour xenograft models (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2021Review
- Modeling human tumor-immune environments in vivo for the preclinical assessment of immunotherapies.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2021Review
- Mapping lung squamous cell carcinoma pathogenesis through in vitro and in vivo models.Communications biology · 2021Review
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The limitations of cancer cell lines have led to the development of direct patient-derived xenograft models. However, the interplay between the implanted human cancer cells and recruited mouse stromal and immune cells alters the tumor microenvironment and limits the value of these models. To overcome these constraints, we have developed a technique to expand human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and use them to reconstitute the radiation-depleted bone marrow of a NOD/SCID/IL2rg(-/-) (NSG) mouse on which a patient's tumor is then transplanted (XactMice). The human HSPCs produce immune cells that home into the tumor and help replicate its natural microenvironment. Despite previous passage on nude mice, the expression of epithelial, stromal and immune genes in XactMice tumors aligns more closely to that of the patient tumor than to those grown in non-humanized mice-an effect partially facilitated by human cytokines expressed by both the HSPC progeny and the tumor cells. The human immune and stromal cells produced in the XactMice can help recapitulate the microenvironment of an implanted xenograft, reverse the initial genetic drift seen after passage on non-humanized mice and provide a more accurate tumor model to guide patient treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.