ArticlePloS one2015
Mechanism behind Resistance against the Organophosphate Azamethiphos in Salmon Lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis).
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evolutionary predictions for a parasite metapopulation: Modelling salmon louse resistance to pest controls in aquaculture.Evolutionary applications · 2023Article
- Aquaculture-driven evolution of the salmon louse mtDNA genome.Evolutionary applications · 2023Article
- Peritrophin-like Genes Are Associated with Delousing Drug Response and Sensitivity in the Sea LouseInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Genomic analysis of the carboxylesterase family in the salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis).Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP · 2021Article
- Losing the 'arms race': multiresistant salmon lice are dispersed throughout the North Atlantic Ocean.Royal Society open science · 2021Article
- The G119SEvolutionary applications · 2020Article
- Article
- Genome-wide survey of cytochrome P450 genes in the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer, 1837).Parasites & vectors · 2019Article
- Caligus rogercresseyi acetylcholinesterase types and variants: a potential marker for organophosphate resistance.Parasites & vectors · 2018Article
- Deltamethrin resistance in the salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer): Maternal inheritance and reduced apoptosis.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- The Phe362Tyr mutation conveying resistance to organophosphates occurs in high frequencies in salmon lice collected from wild salmon and trout.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- The mechanism (Phe362Tyr mutation) behind resistance in Lepeophtheirus salmonis pre-dates organophosphate use in salmon farming.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Article
- Time-to-response toxicity analysis as a method for drug susceptibility assessment in salmon lice.Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2016Article
- Pesticides Drive Stochastic Changes in the Chemoreception and Neurotransmission System of Marine Ectoparasites.International journal of molecular sciences · 2016Article
- Phe362Tyr in AChE: A Major Factor Responsible for Azamethiphos Resistance in Lepeophtheirus salmonis in Norway.PloS one · 2016Article
- Surveillance of the Sensitivity towards Antiparasitic Bath-Treatments in the Salmon Louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis).PloS one · 2016Article
- A Survey of the ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) Gene Superfamily in the Salmon Louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis).PloS one · 2015Article
- Oral Vaccination of Fish - Antigen Preparations, Uptake, and Immune Induction.Frontiers in immunology · 2015Review
- Identification and Molecular Characterization of Two Acetylcholinesterases from the Salmon Louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis.PloS one · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is the primary target for organophosphates (OP). Several mutations have been reported in AChE to be associated with the reduced sensitivity against OP in various arthropods. However, to the best of our knowledge, no such reports are available for Lepeophtheirus salmonis. Hence, in the present study, we aimed to determine the association of AChE(s) gene(s) with resistance against OP. We screened the AChE genes (L. salmonis ace1a and ace1b) in two salmon lice populations: one sensitive (n=5) and the other resistant (n=5) for azamethiphos, a commonly used OP in salmon farming. The screening led to the identification of a missense mutation Phe362Tyr in L. salmonis ace1a, (corresponding to Phe331 in Torpedo californica AChE) in all the samples of the resistant population. We confirmed the potential role of the mutation, with reduced sensitivity against azamethiphos in L. salmonis, by screening for Phe362Tyr in 2 sensitive and 5 resistant strains. The significantly higher frequency of the mutant allele (362Tyr) in the resistant strains clearly indicated the possible association of Phe362Tyr mutation in L. salmonis ace1a with resistance towards azamethiphos. The 3D modelling, short term survival experiments and enzymatic assays further supported the imperative role of Phe362Tyr in reduced sensitivity of L. salmonis for azamethiphos. Based on all these observations, the present study, for the first time, presents the mechanism of resistance in L. salmonis against azamethiphos. In addition, we developed a rapid diagnostic tool for the high throughput screening of Phe362Tyr mutation using High Resolution Melt analysis.
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