Observational studyOphthalmology2015
Long-term Outcomes of Cytomegalovirus Retinitis in the Era of Modern Antiretroviral Therapy: Results from a United States Cohort.
Observational study in Ophthalmology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00000168 (Studies of Ocular Complications of AIDS), which is not on this map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Studies of Ocular Complications of AIDS (SOCA)
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of two different intravitreal treatment regimens combined with systemic antiviral therapy for cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with AIDS.AIDS research and therapy · 2023Trial
- Human cytomegalovirus exploits host chromatin remodeler MORC2 to promote the DNA damage response on viral genomes.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Cytomegalovirus Retinitis Across the Immunosuppression Spectrum: A Contemporary Framework for Risk Stratification, Diagnosis, and Vision-Preserving Therapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Ultra-widefield retinal imaging for early detection of asymptomatic cytomegalovirus retinitis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a prospective pilot feasibility study.Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2026Article
- Intravitreal foscarnet is an effective adjunct after systemic therapy failure in pediatric antiviral-resistant cytomegalovirus retinitis.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- Emerging Ocular Pathogen Resistance and Clinically Used Solutions: A Problem That Is More than Meets the Eye.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Bilateral Cytomegalovirus Retinitis With Co-infection of Epstein-Barr Virus and Varicella-Zoster Virus: A Rare Case.Cureus · 2025Article
- Retinal detachment and mortality in patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis: A multicenter study in taiwan.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Article
- Impact of Combined Antiretroviral Treatment (cART) on Latent Cytomegalovirus Infection.Viruses · 2025Article
- Immune recovery uveitis: a focus review.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Review
- Overview of Cytomegalovirus Ocular Diseases: Retinitis, Corneal Endotheliitis, and Iridocyclitis.Viruses · 2024Review
- Successful treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis with oral/intravitreal antivirals in HIV-negative patients with lymphoma.Eye (London, England) · 2023Article
- Article
- Cytomegalovirus retinitis and antiretroviral treatment: A fifteen year experience.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2022Article
- Ocular Outcomes after Treatment of Cytomegalovirus Retinitis Using Adoptive Immunotherapy with Cytomegalovirus-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes.Ophthalmology. Retina · 2021Article
- Classification Criteria for Cytomegalovirus Retinitis.American journal of ophthalmology · 2021Article
- A Mouse Model That Mimics AIDS-Related Cytomegalovirus Retinitis: Insights into Pathogenesis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Clinical Characteristics Associated with the Development of Cystoid Macular Edema in Patients with Cytomegalovirus Retinitis.Microorganisms · 2021Article
- Development of cytomegalovirus retinitis after negative conversion of cytomegalovirus antigenemia due to systemic antiviral therapy.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo describe the long-term outcomes of patients with cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis and AIDS in the modern era of combination antiretroviral therapy.
designProspective, observational cohort study.
participantsPatients with AIDS and CMV retinitis.
methodsImmune recovery, defined as a CD4+ T-cell count >100 cells/μl for ≥3 months.
main outcome measuresMortality, visual impairment (visual acuity <20/40), and blindness (visual acuity ≤20/200) on logarithmic visual acuity charts and loss of visual field on quantitative Goldmann perimetry.
resultsPatients without immune recovery had a mortality of 44.4/100 person-years (PYs) and a median survival of 13.5 months after the diagnosis of CMV retinitis, whereas those with immune recovery had a mortality of 2.7/100 PYs (P < 0.001) and an estimated median survival of 27.0 years after the diagnosis of CMV retinitis. The rates of bilateral visual impairment and blindness were 0.9 and 0.4/100 PYs, respectively, and were similar between those with and without immune recovery. Among those with immune recovery, the rate of visual field loss was approximately 1% of the normal field per year, whereas among those without immune recovery it was approximately 7% of the normal field per year.
conclusionsAmong persons with CMV retinitis and AIDS, if there is immune recovery, long-term survival is likely, whereas if there is no immune recovery, the mortality rate is substantial. Although higher than the rates in the population not infected by human immunodeficiency virus, the rates of bilateral visual impairment and blindness are low, especially when compared with rates in the era before modern antiretroviral therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.