Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25890822›Full record

ReviewVirology2015

Escape of non-enveloped virus from intact cells.

Sara W Bird, Karla Kirkegaard

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Virology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
43citing papers in PubMed
5.3field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

43 citing papers in PubMed, 76 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Non-lytic spread of poliovirus requires the nonstructural protein 3CD.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Sara W BirdDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
Karla KirkegaardDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States. Electronic address: karlak@stanford.edu.
Stanford Medicine · USStanford University · US

Funding

Supplement to Enhance Wellness and Resiliency in the Graduate EnvironmentT32GM007276 · NIGMS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI MORRISON, ASHBY J. · 1985 to 2023
$32.9M
MOLECULAR BASIS OF HOST-PARASITE INTERACTIONT32AI007328 · NIAID · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI JUSTIN L SONNENBURG · 1987 to 2026
$11.9M
Subversion of Autophagy Pathway and Constituents by RNA virusesR56AI103500 · NIAID · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI KIRKEGAARD, KARLA · 2013 to 2013
$466k
NIAID NIH HHS R56 AI-103500NIAID NIH HHS R56 AI103500NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI007328NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007276NIGMS NIH HHS T32-GM007276
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

How do viruses spread from cell to cell? Enveloped viruses acquire their surrounding membranes by budding. If a newly enveloped virus has budded through the plasma membrane, it finds itself outside the cell immediately. If it has budded through the bounding membrane of an internal compartment such as the ER, the virus finds itself in the lumen, from which it can exit the cell via the conventional secretion pathway. Thus, although some enveloped viruses destroy the cells they infect, there is no topological need to do so. On the other hand, naked viruses such as poliovirus lack an external membrane. They are protein-nucleic acid complexes within the cytoplasm or nucleus of the infected cell, like a ribosome, a spliceosome or an aggregate of Huntingtin protein. The simplest way for such a particle to pass through the single lipid bilayer that separates it from the outside of the cell would be to violate the integrity of that bilayer. Thus, it is not surprising that the primary mode of exit for non-enveloped viruses is cell lysis. However, more complex exit strategies are possible, such as the creation of new compartments whose complex topologies allow the exit of cytoplasm and its contents without violating the integrity of the cell. Here we will discuss the non-lytic spread of poliovirus and recent observations of such compartments during viral infection with several different picornaviruses.

Indexed as

Virus ReleaseHumansPoliovirusAutophagyMulti-vesicular bodiesPicornavirusUnconventional secretionViral spread

Identifiers

PMID25890822
PMCPMC4440412
OpenAlexW2030955189

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.