ArticleEnvironmental health : a global access science source2015
Exposure to fluoridated water and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder prevalence among children and adolescents in the United States: an ecological association.
Article in Environmental health : a global access science source, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fluoride Exposure and ADHD: A Systematic Review of Epidemiological Studies.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Pooled it
- Prenatal Water Fluoride Exposure and Children's Behavioral Problems.JAMA network open · 2026Observational
- How the public's knowledge, attitudes, and practice intersect with scientific evidence about fluoride.Current problems in pediatric and adolescent health care · 2025Article
- Article
- Epigenome-wide association study of fluoride exposure during early adolescence and DNA methylation among U.S. children.The Science of the total environment · 2024Article
- Association of fluoride exposure with disease burden and neurodevelopment outcomes in children in South Korea.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2024Article
- Fluoride Exposure from Drinking Water Increases the Risk of Stroke: An Ecological Study in Changwu Town, China.Toxics · 2024Article
- Effect of naringin on sodium fluoride‑induced neurobehavioral deficits in Wistar rats.Biomedical reports · 2024Article
- Prenatal fluoride exposure, offspring visual acuity and autonomic nervous system function in 6-month-old infants.Environment international · 2024Article
- Longitudinal associations between early-life fluoride exposures and cardiometabolic outcomes in school-aged children.Environment international · 2024Article
- A Scoping Review of Iodine and Fluoride in Pregnancy in Relation to Maternal Thyroid Function and Offspring Neurodevelopment.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Article
- Fluoride in the Central Nervous System and Its Potential Influence on the Development and Invasiveness of Brain Tumours-A Research Hypothesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Unraveling molecular characteristic of fluoride neurotoxicity on U87 glial-like cells: insights from transcriptomic and proteomic approach.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Article
- Determination of fluoride content in teas and herbal products popular in Poland.Journal of environmental health science & engineering · 2022Article
- A Benchmark Dose Analysis for Maternal Pregnancy Urine-Fluoride and IQ in Children.Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis · 2022Article
- Fluoride exposure during early adolescence and its association with internalizing symptoms.Environmental research · 2022Article
- Impacts of Fluoride Neurotoxicity and Mitochondrial Dysfunction on Cognition and Mental Health: A Literature Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Review
- Outcome of Systemic Fluoride Effects on Developmental Neurocognitions and Psychopathology in Adolescent Children.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2021Article
- Dental Fluorosis: the Risk of Misdiagnosis-a Review.Biological trace element research · 2021Review
- Human cultured IMR-32 neuronal-like and U87 glial-like cells have different patterns of toxicity under fluoride exposure.PloS one · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEpidemiological and animal-based studies have suggested that prenatal and postnatal fluoride exposure has adverse effects on neurodevelopment. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between exposure to fluoridated water and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) prevalence among children and adolescents in the United States.
methodsData on ADHD prevalence among 4-17 year olds collected in 2003, 2007 and 2011 as part of the National Survey of Children's Health, and state water fluoridation prevalence from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) collected between 1992 and 2008 were utilized.
resultsState prevalence of artificial water fluoridation in 1992 significantly positively predicted state prevalence of ADHD in 2003, 2007 and 2011, even after controlling for socioeconomic status. A multivariate regression analysis showed that after socioeconomic status was controlled each 1% increase in artificial fluoridation prevalence in 1992 was associated with approximately 67,000 to 131,000 additional ADHD diagnoses from 2003 to 2011. Overall state water fluoridation prevalence (not distinguishing between fluoridation types) was also significantly positively correlated with state prevalence of ADHD for all but one year examined.
conclusionsParents reported higher rates of medically-diagnosed ADHD in their children in states in which a greater proportion of people receive fluoridated water from public water supplies. The relationship between fluoride exposure and ADHD warrants future study.
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