Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25890161›Full record

ArticleMicrobial cell factories2015

Detoxifying Escherichia coli for endotoxin-free production of recombinant proteins.

Uwe Mamat, Kathleen Wilke, David Bramhill, Andra Beate Schromm, Buko Lindner, Thomas Andreas Kohl, José Luis Corchero, Antonio Villaverde, Lana Schaffer, Steven Robert Head and 3 more

Erratum issuedOpen access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Microbial cell factories, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 131 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
131citing papers in PubMed
7.6field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

131 citing papers in PubMed, 256 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Recombinant Protein Drugs: A 2025 Update.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2026
    Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Bacterial membrane vesicles restore gut anaerobiosis.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

71 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.

Uwe MamatDivision of Structural Biochemistry, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Parkallee 1-40, D-23845, Borstel, Germany. umamat@fz-borstel.de.
Kathleen WilkeDivision of Structural Biochemistry, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Parkallee 1-40, D-23845, Borstel, Germany. kathleen_wilke@gmx.de.
David BramhillResearch Corporation Technologies, Inc, 5210 East Williams Circle, Suite 240, Tucson, AZ, 85711-4410, USA. dbramhill@gmail.com.
Andra Beate SchrommDivision of Immunobiophysics, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Parkallee 1-40, D-23845, Borstel, Germany. aschromm@fz-borstel.de.
Buko LindnerDivision of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Parkallee 1-40, D-23845, Borstel, Germany. blindner@fz-borstel.de.
Thomas Andreas KohlDivision of Molecular Mycobacteriology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Parkallee 1-40, D-23845, Borstel, Germany. tkohl@fz-borstel.de.
José Luis CorcheroCIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain. jlcorchero1967@gmail.com.
Antonio VillaverdeCIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain. antoni.villaverde@uab.es.
Lana SchafferNGS and Microarray Core Facility, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North, Pines Road, La Jolla, Torrey, CA, 92037, USA. schaffer@scripps.edu.
Steven Robert HeadNGS and Microarray Core Facility, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North, Pines Road, La Jolla, Torrey, CA, 92037, USA. shead@scripps.edu.
Chad SouvignierResearch Corporation Technologies, Inc, 5210 East Williams Circle, Suite 240, Tucson, AZ, 85711-4410, USA. csouvignier@rctech.com.
Timothy Charles MeredithDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 206 South Frear, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA. tcmered@gmail.com.
Ronald Wesley WoodardDepartment of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1065, USA. rww@med.umich.edu.
Research Center Borstel - Leibniz Lung Center · DEBiomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine · ESScripps Research Institute · USPennsylvania State University · USResearch Corporation Technologies (United States) · USUniversity of Michigan–Ann Arbor · USWilliams (United States) · US

Funding

PHS HHS U19 A1063603
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLipopolysaccharide (LPS), also referred to as endotoxin, is the major constituent of the outer leaflet of the outer membrane of virtually all Gram-negative bacteria. The lipid A moiety, which anchors the LPS molecule to the outer membrane, acts as a potent agonist for Toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor 2-mediated pro-inflammatory activity in mammals and, thus, represents the endotoxic principle of LPS. Recombinant proteins, commonly manufactured in Escherichia coli, are generally contaminated with endotoxin. Removal of bacterial endotoxin from recombinant therapeutic proteins is a challenging and expensive process that has been necessary to ensure the safety of the final product.

resultsAs an alternative strategy for common endotoxin removal methods, we have developed a series of E. coli strains that are able to grow and express recombinant proteins with the endotoxin precursor lipid IVA as the only LPS-related molecule in their outer membranes. Lipid IVA does not trigger an endotoxic response in humans typical of bacterial LPS chemotypes. Hence the engineered cells themselves, and the purified proteins expressed within these cells display extremely low endotoxin levels.

conclusionsThis paper describes the preparation and characterization of endotoxin-free E. coli strains, and demonstrates the direct production of recombinant proteins with negligible endotoxin contamination.

Indexed as

Gene DeletionAldose-Ketose IsomerasesATP-Binding Cassette TransportersBacterial ProteinsBiosynthetic PathwaysCarbohydrate SequenceElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelEndotoxinsEscherichia coliEscherichia coli ProteinsGlycolipidsLipid ALipopolysaccharidesMass SpectrometryMetabolic EngineeringMolecular Sequence Data3-deoxy-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic acidAldose-Ketose IsomerasesATP-Binding Cassette TransportersBacterial ProteinsD-arabinose 5-phosphate isomerase, E coliEndotoxinsEscherichia coli ProteinsGlycolipidsLipid Alipid A precursors, bacterialLipopolysaccharidesMsbA protein, BacteriaRecombinant ProteinsSugar Acids

Identifiers

PMID25890161
PMCPMC4404585
OpenAlexW2008487520

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.