ReviewProgress in brain research2015
Targeted neuroplasticity for rehabilitation.
Review in Progress in brain research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed.
- Relationship Between Spinal Reflexes and Spastic Movement Disorders.Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America · 2026Review
- Brain-computer interface: an update for the clinicians.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Review
- Operant Conditioning of the Motor Evoked Potential in Forearm Extensors of Individuals with Chronic Incomplete Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: Case Studies.Topics in spinal cord injury rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Pathophysiology of voluntary motor commands at the level of the spinal motoneuron in patients with multiple sclerosis.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Operant up-conditioning of the soleus cutaneous reflex to non-noxious stimuli in a person with chronic incomplete spinal cord injury.Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Article
- Case Report: Targeted plasticity in spinal cord injury-the role of focal muscle vibration and neurocognitive rehabilitation in adaptative synaptic change along sensory and motor circuit.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2024Article
- The Relationship between Retained Primitive Reflexes and Hemispheric Connectivity in Autism Spectrum Disorders.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Determining optimal mobile neurofeedback methods for motor neurorehabilitation in children and adults with non-progressive neurological disorders: a scoping review.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2022Article
- The Evoked Potential Operant Conditioning System (EPOCS): A Research Tool and an Emerging Therapy for Chronic Neuromuscular Disorders.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2022Article
- Operant down-conditioning of the soleus H-reflex in people after stroke.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2022Article
- Targeting neuroplasticity to improve motor recovery after stroke: an artificial neural network model.Brain communications · 2022Article
- H-reflex conditioning during locomotion in people with spinal cord injury.The Journal of physiology · 2021Article
- Repeated and patterned stimulation of cutaneous reflex pathways amplifies spinal cord excitability.Journal of neurophysiology · 2020Article
- Novel human models for elucidating mechanisms of rate-sensitive H-reflex depression.Biomedical journal · 2020Article
- Changes in motoneuron excitability during voluntary muscle activity in humans with spinal cord injury.Journal of neurophysiology · 2020Article
- Can Operant Conditioning of EMG-Evoked Responses Help to Target Corticospinal Plasticity for Improving Motor Function in People With Multiple Sclerosis?Frontiers in neurology · 2020Review
- Motor Recovery After Stroke: From a Vespa Scooter Ride Over the RomanFrontiers in neurology · 2020Article
- Operant conditioning of the motor-evoked potential and locomotion in people with and without chronic incomplete spinal cord injury.Journal of neurophysiology · 2019Article
- Operant conditioning of the tibialis anterior motor evoked potential in people with and without chronic incomplete spinal cord injury.Journal of neurophysiology · 2018Article
- Retraining Reflexes: Clinical Translation of Spinal Reflex Operant Conditioning.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
An operant-conditioning protocol that bases reward on the electromyographic response produced by a specific CNS pathway can change that pathway. For example, in both animals and people, an operant-conditioning protocol can increase or decrease the spinal stretch reflex or its electrical analog, the H-reflex. Reflex change is associated with plasticity in the pathway of the reflex as well as elsewhere in the spinal cord and brain. Because these pathways serve many different behaviors, the plasticity produced by this conditioning can change other behaviors. Thus, in animals or people with partial spinal cord injuries, appropriate reflex conditioning can improve locomotion. Furthermore, in people with spinal cord injuries, appropriate reflex conditioning can trigger widespread beneficial plasticity. This wider plasticity appears to reflect an iterative process through which the multiple behaviors in the individual's repertoire negotiate the properties of the spinal neurons and synapses that they all use. Operant-conditioning protocols are a promising new therapeutic method that could complement other rehabilitation methods and enhance functional recovery. Their successful use requires strict adherence to appropriately designed procedures, as well as close attention to accommodating and engaging the individual subject in the conditioning process.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.