ArticleMalaria journal2015
Cytokine and chemokine profile of the innate and adaptive immune response of Schistosoma haematobium and Plasmodium falciparum single and co-infected school-aged children from an endemic area of Lambaréné, Gabon.
Article in Malaria journal, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Schistosoma haematobium infection and treatment on the systemic and mucosal immune phenotype, gene expression and microbiome: A systematic review.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence and effect of Plasmodium spp. and hookworm co-infection on malaria parasite density and haemoglobin level: a meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Malaria and helminth co-infections in children living in endemic countries: A systematic review with meta-analysis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Pooled it
- Plasmodium and intestinal parasite perturbations of the infected host's inflammatory responses: a systematic review.Parasites & vectors · 2018Pooled it
- Plasmodium falciparum Infection Status among Children with Schistosoma in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2016Pooled it
- Helminth coinfections mitigate clinical, parasitological, and immune outcomes in Mozambican children with malaria.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Stage specific immune responses to schistosomes may explain conflicting results in malaria-schistosome coinfection studies.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2025Article
- Asymptomatic Malaria Infection and Hidden Parasitic Burden in Gabonese Schoolchildren: Unveiling Silent Co-Infections in Rural and Urban Settings.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- Regulation of immune response against third-stageFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Role of human Pegivirus infections in whole Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite vaccination and controlled human malaria infection in African volunteers.Virology journal · 2021Article
- A Praziquantel Treatment Study of Immune and Transcriptome Profiles in Schistosoma haematobium-Infected Gabonese Schoolchildren.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Trichinella spiralis co-infection exacerbates Plasmodium berghei malaria-induced hepatopathy.Parasites & vectors · 2020Article
- Chemokine, cytokine and haematological profiles in Sprague-Dawley rats co-infected withHeliyon · 2020Article
- Schistosoma haematobium effects on Plasmodium falciparum infection modified by soil-transmitted helminths in school-age children living in rural areas of Gabon.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2018Article
- Cord Blood Antiparasite Interleukin 10 as a Risk Marker for Compromised Vaccine Immunogenicity in Early Childhood.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Both inflammatory and regulatory cytokine responses to malaria are blunted with increasing age in highly exposed children.Malaria journal · 2017Article
- Epidemiology of Plasmodium and Helminth Coinfection and Possible Reasons for Heterogeneity.BioMed research international · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHelminths and malaria are among the most prevalent infectious diseases in the world. They both occur in tropical area where they often affect the same populations. There are studies suggesting an effect of helminths on malariometric indices. For example, malaria attacks as well as disease severity has been shown to be influenced by a concurrent chronic helminth infection. However, there are also studies that show no effect of concurrent helminth infections on malarial outcomes. To start addressing this issue, the effect of chronic Schistosoma haematobium infection on both the innate and adaptive immune response of Plasmodium falciparum-infected subjects was assessed in an area endemic for both these infections in Gabon.
methodSubjects infected with S. haematobium and or P. falciparum, as well as a control group with neither of these infections, were recruited. For innate immune response, heparinized blood was obtained and cultured for 24 hours with a panel of TLR ligands. For adaptive immune response, PBMC was isolated and stimulated with SEB for 72 hours. Cytokines and chemokines were measured in supernatants using a multiplex beads array immunoassay. Principal Component analysis was used to assess pattern of cytokine and chemokine responses representing the innate and adaptive components of the immune system.
resultsOverall it was observed that the presence of P. falciparum infection was marked by an increase in innate and adaptive immune responsiveness while S. haematobium infection was characterized by an increased chemokine profile, with at the same time, lower pro inflammatory markers. When the study subjects were split into single infected and co-infected groups no effect of S. haematobium on the immune response of P. falciparum infected subjects was observed, neither for the innate nor for the adaptive component of the immune response.
conclusionThis study provides original information on the cellular immune response of S. haematobium and/or P. falciparum in infected subjects. It rules out an effect of S. haematobium on the cytokine profile of subjects co-infected with P. falciparum.
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