ArticleBMC veterinary research2015
TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction for detection of Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola, the fungus associated with snake fungal disease.
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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28 citing papers in PubMed, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
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- Mortality Event in Rainbow Snakes Linked to Snake Fungal Disease, United States.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Snake Fungal Disease (Ophidiomycosis) in Northern Pine Snakes (Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Nationwide Screening Unveils EndemicJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Reproductive Traits and Hatchling Characteristics of the Endemic Sardinian Grass Snake (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Retrospective Detection ofMicroorganisms · 2024Article
- Paranannizziopsis spp. Infection in Wild Vipers, Europe.Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Contribution of host species and pathogen clade to snake fungal disease hotspots in Europe.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Characterisation, prevalence and severity of skin lesions caused by ophidiomycosis in a population of wild snakes.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Snake Fungal Disease in Free-Ranging Northern Pine Snakes (Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- A Cross-Inoculation Experiment Reveals thatApplied and environmental microbiology · 2023Article
- Major Emerging Fungal Diseases of Reptiles and Amphibians.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Incidents of snake fungal disease caused by the fungal pathogenFrontiers in fungal biology · 2023Article
- Article
- Ophiodimyces ophiodiicola, Etiologic Agent of Snake Fungal Disease, in Europe since Late 1950s.Emerging infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Pathology and Prevalence of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria: A Study of 398 Pet Reptiles.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Host microbiome responses to the Snake Fungal Disease pathogen (Ophidiomyces ophidiicola) are driven by changes in microbial richness.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Confirmed Cases of Ophidiomycosis in Museum Specimens from as Early as 1945, United States.Emerging infectious diseases · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFungal skin infections associated with Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola, a member of the Chrysosporium anamorph of Nannizziopsis vriesii (CANV) complex, have been linked to an increasing number of cases of snake fungal disease (SFD) in captive snakes around the world and in wild snake populations in eastern North America. The emergence of SFD in both captive and wild situations has led to an increased need for tools to better diagnose and study the disease.
resultsWe developed two TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays to rapidly detect O. ophiodiicola in clinical samples. One assay targets the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of the fungal genome while the other targets the more variable intergenic spacer region (IGS). The PCR assays were qualified using skin samples collected from 50 snakes for which O. ophiodiicola had been previously detected by culture, 20 snakes with gross skin lesions suggestive of SFD but which were culture-negative for O. ophiodiicola, and 16 snakes with no clinical signs of infection. Both assays performed equivalently and proved to be more sensitive than traditional culture methods, detecting O. ophiodiicola in 98% of the culture-positive samples and in 40% of the culture-negative snakes that had clinical signs of SFD. In addition, the assays did not cross-react with a panel of 28 fungal species that are closely related to O. ophiodiicola or that commonly occur on the skin of snakes. The assays did, however, indicate that some asymptomatic snakes (~6%) may harbor low levels of the fungus, and that PCR should be paired with histology when a definitive diagnosis is required.
conclusionsThese assays represent the first published methods to detect O. ophiodiicola by real-time PCR. The ITS assay has great utility for assisting with SFD diagnoses whereas the IGS assay offers a valuable tool for research-based applications.
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