ArticleBMC veterinary research2015
Comparison of risk factors for seropositivity to feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus among cats: a case-case study.
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- 2020 AAFP Feline Retrovirus Testing and Management Guidelines.Journal of feline medicine and surgery · 2020Guideline
- Clinical and virological effects of the integrase inhibitor raltegravir in cats with naturally progressive feline leukaemia virus infection.Journal of feline medicine and surgery · 2026Article
- Article
- A Comparison of Diagnostic Methods for Feline Leukemia Virus and Feline Immunodeficiency Virus: Immunochromatographic Assay and RNases Hybridization-Assisted Amplification Test Kit Compared to Reverse Transcription Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Performance of a Point-of-Care Test Kit (Anigen RapidVeterinary sciences · 2025Article
- A Comparative Study on the Impact of FIV and FeLV Infection on the Ocular Microbiota in Persian Cats: Insights From Co-Infection and Single Infections.Veterinary medicine international · 2025Article
- Life tables of annual life expectancy and risk factors for mortality in cats in the UK.Journal of feline medicine and surgery · 2024Article
- Epidemiology of Pathogenic Retroviruses and Domestic Cat Hepadnavirus in Community and Client-Owned Cats in Hong Kong.Viruses · 2024Article
- Phylogenetic identification of feline leukemia virus A and B in cats with progressive infection developing into lymphoma and leukemia.Virus research · 2023Article
- Article
- Life expectancy tables for dogs and cats derived from clinical data.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in domestic pet cats in Australia and New Zealand: Guidelines for diagnosis, prevention and management.Australian veterinary journal · 2022Article
- Risk factors and clinical and laboratory findings associated with feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus infections in Bangkok, Thailand.Veterinary world · 2022Article
- Temporal, Spatial, and Genomic Analyses ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Prevalence and Risk Factors of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus and Feline Leukemia Virus Infection in Healthy Cats in Thailand.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2021Article
- Factors Associated with Prescription of Antimicrobial Drugs for Dogs and Cats, United Kingdom, 2014-2016.Emerging infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Article
- Neurologic disease in feline immunodeficiency virus infection: disease mechanisms and therapeutic interventions for NeuroAIDS.Journal of neurovirology · 2018Review
- Demographics, lifestyle and veterinary care of cats in Australia and New Zealand.Journal of feline medicine and surgery · 2017Article
- Prevalence and risk factors of gammaherpesvirus infection in domestic cats in Central Europe.Virology journal · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFeline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) are reported to have similar risk factors and similar recommendations apply to manage infected cats. However, some contrasting evidence exists in the literature with regard to commonly reported risk factors. In this study, we investigated whether the known risk factors for FIV and FeLV infections have a stronger effect for either infection. This retrospective study included samples from 696 cats seropositive for FIV and 593 cats seropositive for FeLV from the United States and Canada. Data were collected during two cross sectional studies, where cats were tested using IDEXX FIV/FeLV ELISA kits. To compare the effect of known risk factors for FIV infection compared to FeLV, using a case-case study design, random intercept logistic regression models were fit including cats' age, sex, neuter status, outdoor exposure, health status and type of testing facility as independent variables. A random intercept for testing facility was included to account for clustering expected in testing practices at the individual clinics and shelters.
resultsIn the multivariable random intercept model, the odds of FIV compared to FeLV positive ELISA results were greater for adults (OR = 2.09, CI: 1.50-2.92), intact males (OR = 3.14, CI: 1.85-3.76), neutered males (OR = 2.68, CI: 1.44- 3.14), cats with outdoor access (OR = 2.58, CI: 1.85-3.76) and lower for cats with clinical illness (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.52-0.90). The variance components obtained from the model indicated clustering at the testing facility level.
conclusionsRisk factors that have a greater effect on FIV seropositivity include adulthood, being male (neutered or not) and having access to outdoors, while clinical illness was a stronger predictor for FeLV seropositivity. Further studies are warranted to assess the implications of these results for the management and control of these infections.
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