ArticleParasites & vectors2015
Can the activation of plasminogen/plasmin system of the host by metabolic products of Dirofilaria immitis participate in heartworm disease endarteritis?
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fibrinolysis-unrelated functions of the plasminogen/plasmin system: A gateway to successful parasitism?Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2026Review
- Early host-parasite interaction models reveal a key role for fibrinolysis in Fasciola hepatica intestinal migration.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Pulmonary hypertension and NT-proBNP dynamics during the course of adulticide treatment in dogs naturally infected by Dirofilaria immitis.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
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- Effect of somatic antigens of Dirofilaria repens adult worms on angiogenesis, cell proliferation and migration and pseudo-capillary formation in human endothelial cells.Parasites & vectors · 2023Article
- Case report: Disseminated intravascular coagulation in a dog following treatment with melarsomine forFrontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- The Immunological Role of Vascular and Lymphatic Endothelial Cells in Filarial Infections.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Review
- Interaction of helminth parasites with the haemostatic system of their vertebrate hosts: a scoping review.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2022Article
- TheFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Pro-fibrinolytic potential of the third larval stage of Ascaris suum as a possible mechanism facilitating its migration through the host tissues.Parasites & vectors · 2020Article
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- Angiogenic response in an in vitro model of dog microvascular endothelial cells stimulated with antigenic extracts from Dirofilaria immitis adult worms.Parasites & vectors · 2019Article
- Article
- Effect of heartworm disease and heartworm-associated respiratory disease (HARD) on the right ventricle of cats.Parasites & vectors · 2017Article
- Hyperfibrinolysis and Hypofibrinogenemia Diagnosed With Rotational Thromboelastometry in Dogs Naturally Infected With Angiostrongylus vasorum.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2017Article
- Evaluation of pulmonary hypertension and clinical status in dogs with heartworm by Right Pulmonary Artery Distensibility Index and other echocardiographic parameters.Parasites & vectors · 2017Article
- New Insights Into Pathogenesis, Diagnostics, and Therapeutic Options for Canine Angiostrongylosis.Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundProliferative endarteritis is one of the key pathological mechanisms of cardiopulmonary dirofilariosis, a cosmopolitan parasitosis caused by Dirofilaria immitis affecting dogs and cats around the world. It has been shown that the excretory/secretory antigens from D. immitis adult worms (DiES) bind plasminogen (PLG) and activate fibrinolysis, which can lead to a survival mechanism for the parasite in its intravascular environment. However, overproduction of plasmin (final product of the route) has been related to pathological processes similar to those described in proliferative endarteritis. The aim of this study is to relate the appearance of this pathological condition with the activation of the PLG/plasmin system of the host by DiES.
methodsCell proliferation through the crystal violet technique, cell migration by wound healing assay and degradation of the extracellular matrix by measuring collagen degradation and levels of matrix metalloproteinases were studied in an "in vitro" model using canine vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. These cells were treated with a mixture of DiES + PLG. Untreated cells, cells only stimulated with DiES or with PLG, or with a mixture of DiES + PLG + εACA (an inhibitor of the PLG-plasmin conversion) were employed as controls. In addition, the effect of DiES on the expression of the fibrinolytic activators tPA and uPA, the inhibitor PAI-1 and the PLG receptor Annexin A2 was analyzed in both types of cultures by western blot.
resultsPlasmin generated by DiES + PLG binding produced a significant increase in the cell proliferation and migration of the endothelial and smooth muscle cells, as well as an increase in the destruction of the extracellular matrix based on a further degradation of Type I Collagen and an increased level of matrix metalloproteinase-2. DiES also induce an increase in the expression of tPA and uPA in endothelial cells in culture, as well as a decrease in the expression of PAI-1 in both types of cells.
conclusionsOur study reports an interrelationship between plasmin caused by fibrinolysis activation by metabolic products of D. immitis and the appearance of pathological events similar to those described in the emergence of proliferative endarteritis in the cardiopulmonary dirofilariosis.
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