ReviewJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2015
No vacancy: how beneficial microbes cooperate with immunity to provide colonization resistance to pathogens.
Review in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 180 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
180 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A Review of In Silico Research, SARS-CoV-2, and Neurodegeneration: Focus on Papain-Like Protease.Neurotoxicity research · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Gut Microbiota in Children with Autism: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2026Trial
- Article
- Seasonal Variation of Gut Bacterial Community in WildEcology and evolution · 2026Article
- Metabotherapy for intestinal disease: using metabolites to prevent and treat disorders of the gut.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
- Genetically engineered probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917 enhances protection against Salmonella via increased adhesion and systemic T-cell responses.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of probiotic supplementation on growth performance, gut microbiota, and Salmonella reduction in broiler chicks challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Gut commensalMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Encapsulated probiotics as antimicrobial agents: mechanisms and delivery strategies against multidrug-resistant pathogens.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Therapeutic Potential of Probiotics: A Review of Their Role in Modulating Inflammation.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Microecological modulators-new perspectives for treating sex hormone disorders.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Emerging Multimodal Strategies for Bacterial Biofilm Eradication: A Comprehensive Review.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Dynamics of the gut microbiome and resistome in response to prophylactic antibiotic treatment in post-surgical giant pandas.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Being a better version of yourself: genetically engineered probiotic bacteria as host defense enhancers in the control of intestinal pathogens.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Synergistic effects of commensals and phage predation in suppressing colonization by pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Article
- Use of Probiotics During Antibiotic Therapy in Pediatrics: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Italian Primary Care Pediatricians.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Prospective Comparative Study of an Oral Synbiotic and a Myoinositol-Based Herbal Supplement in Modifying Hormone Levels and the Gut Microbiome in Non-cystic Acne.Dermatology and therapy · 2025Article
- Review
- Beyond pathogenicity: the immunomodulatory role of the type III secretion system in beneficial plant-microbe interactions.Open biology · 2025Review
120 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The mammalian intestine harbors a community of trillions of microbes, collectively known as the gut microbiota, which coevolved with the host in a mutually beneficial relationship. Among the numerous gut microbial species, certain commensal bacteria are known to provide health benefits to the host when administered in adequate amounts and, as such, are labeled "probiotics." We review some of the mechanisms by which probiotics and other beneficial commensals provide colonization resistance to pathogens. The battle for similar nutrients and the bacterial secretion of antimicrobials provide a direct means of competition between beneficial and harmful microbes. Beneficial microbes can also indirectly diminish pathogen colonization by stimulating the development of innate and adaptive immunity, as well as the function of the mucosal barrier. Altogether, we gather and present evidence that beneficial microbes cooperate with host immunity in an effort to shut out pathogens.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.