ArticleBMC public health2015
The contribution of snacks to dietary intake and their association with eating location among Norwegian adults - results from a cross-sectional dietary survey.
Article in BMC public health, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Snack quality and snack timing are associated with cardiometabolic blood markers: the ZOE PREDICT study.European journal of nutrition · 2024Trial
- Intake of a Protein-Enriched Milk and Effects on Muscle Mass and Strength. A 12-Week Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial among Community-Dwelling Older Adults.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2017Trial
- Are All Ultra-Processed Foods Created Equal? Descriptive Analysis of Nutritional Composition, Nutritional Quality, Energy Density and Hyperpalatability in Relation to Non-Communicable Disease Risk.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Association between dietary protein intake and frailty index among home-dwelling older adults; an 8-year follow-up study.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2026Article
- Exploring Consumers' Situational Snacking Behaviors Using a Mobile App: Longitudinal Cohort Study (FOODLOOP) Among Millennials in the Netherlands.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2026Article
- Managing snacking behaviors through energy density, portion control, sensory properties, and packaging.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Differences in the Perception of Snacks and Beverages Portion Sizes Depending on Body Mass Index.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Article
- Meal patterns, including intermittent fasting - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023.Food & nutrition research · 2024Article
- Children in the Anthroposophical Education System Have Lower Rates of Obesity, and Higher Rates of Health Promoting Behaviors.Nutrients · 2023Article
- SnackTrack-An App-Based Tool to Assess the Influence of Digital and Physical Environments on Snack Choice.Nutrients · 2023Article
- The role of attention and health goals in nudging healthy food choice.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Snack Food Consumption across the Pune Transect in India: A Comparison of Dietary Behaviors Based on Consumer Characteristics and Locations.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Socioeconomic Inequalities in Food Consumption: A Cross-Sectional Study in Portuguese Adults.Portuguese journal of public health · 2021Article
- Comparison of Home Use Tests with Differing Time and Order Controls.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Snacks and The City: Unexpected Low Sales of an Easy-Access, Tasty, and Healthy Snack at an Urban Snacking Hotspot.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Time, location and frequency of snack consumption in different age groups of Canadians.Nutrition journal · 2020Article
- Eating occasion situational factors and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in young adults.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2020Article
- Adherence to a snacking dietary pattern is decreasing in Colombia among the youngest and the wealthiest: results of two representative national surveys.BMC public health · 2019Article
- Food-related behaviours among individuals with overweight/obesity and normal body weight.Nutrition journal · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSnack consumption has been reported to increase over recent decades. Little is known about possible associations between snack composition and snack eating location. In the present study, we aimed to describe the contribution of snacks to dietary intake in Norwegian adults and to investigate whether the composition of snacks differed according to where they were eaten.
methodsDietary data were collected in 2010 and 2011 using two telephone administered 24 h recalls about four weeks apart. In total, 1787 participants aged 18-70 years completed two recalls. The recorded eating locations were at home, other private household, work/school, restaurant/cafe/fast-food outlet and travel/meeting.
resultsSnacks contributed to 17% and 21% of the energy intake in men and women, respectively. Compared with main meals, snacks had a higher fiber density (g/MJ) and contained a higher percentage of energy from carbohydrates, added sugars and alcohol, while the percentages of energy from fat and protein were lower. The top five energy-contributing food groups from snacks were cakes, fruits, sugar/sweets, bread and alcoholic beverages. Snacks were mostly eaten at home (58% of all snacks) or at work/school (23% of all snacks). Snacks consumed at work/school contained less energy, had a higher percentage of energy from carbohydrates and had lower percentages of energy from added sugars, alcohol and fat than snacks consumed at home. Snacks consumed during visits to private households and at restaurants/cafe/fast-food outlets contained more energy, had a higher percentage of energy from fat and had a lower fiber density than snacks consumed at home.
conclusionsWe conclude that snacks are an important part of the diet and involve the consumption of both favorable and less favorable foods. Snacks eaten at home or at work/school were generally healthier than snacks consumed during visits to other private households or at restaurants/cafe/fast-food outlets. Nutritional educators should recommend healthy snack options and raise awareness of the association between eating location and snack composition.
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