ArticleBMC genomics2015
Sexually dimorphic gene expression emerges with embryonic genome activation and is dynamic throughout development.
Article in BMC genomics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers.
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Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed.
- Before hormones: early sex-specific mechanisms shaping nervous system development, function, and postnatal disease susceptibility.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2026Review
- Impact of sperm fractionation on chromosome positioning, chromatin integrity, DNA methylation, and hydroxymethylation level.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2025Article
- Association between sex and the developmental morphokinetics of in vitro derived bovine embryos.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- BRD8 Guards the Pluripotent State by Sensing and Maintaining Histone Acetylation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- X-inactive-specific transcript: a long noncoding RNA with a complex role in sex differences in human disease.Biology of sex differences · 2024Review
- Regulation of Sex-biased Gene Expression by the Ancestral X-Y Chromosomal Gene PairbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Paternal impact on the developmental programming of sexual dimorphism.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- The impact of chromosomal sex on cardiometabolic health and disease.Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM · 2023Review
- Comparative developmental genomics of sex-biased gene expression in early embryogenesis across mammals.Biology of sex differences · 2023Article
- A neuroscience-based approach to the assessment of sexual behavior in animals.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Review
- The role of gonadal hormones and sex chromosomes in sex-dependent effects of early nutrition on metabolic health.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Article
- Gender Dimorphism in Hepatic Carcinogenesis-Related Gene Expression Associated with Obesity as a Low-Grade Chronic Inflammatory Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- X chromosome agents of sexual differentiation.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2022Review
- Toxicoepigenetics and Environmental Health: Challenges and Opportunities.Chemical research in toxicology · 2022Review
- Understanding the development of oral epithelial organs through single cell transcriptomic analysis.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2022Article
- Dynamics of sex-biased gene expression during development in the stick insect Timema californicum.Heredity · 2022Article
- Integrating Sex Chromosome and Endocrine Theories to Improve Teaching of Sexual Differentiation.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2022Article
- The Placenta's Role in Sexually Dimorphic Fetal Growth Strategies.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2022Review
- Maternal high-fat diet programs white and brown adipose tissue lipidome and transcriptome in offspring in a sex- and tissue-dependent manner in mice.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2022Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAs sex determines mammalian development, understanding the nature and developmental dynamics of the sexually dimorphic transcriptome is important. To explore this, we generated 76 genome-wide RNA-seq profiles from mouse eight-cell embryos, late gestation and adult livers, together with 4 ground-state pluripotent embryonic (ES) cell lines from which we generated both RNA-seq and multiple ChIP-seq profiles. We complemented this with previously published data to yield 5 snap-shots of pre-implantation development, late-gestation placenta and somatic tissue and multiple adult tissues for integrative analysis.
resultsWe define a high-confidence sex-dimorphic signature of 69 genes in eight-cell embryos. Sex-chromosome-linked components of this signature are largely conserved throughout pre-implantation development and in ES cells, whilst the autosomal component is more dynamic. Sex-biased gene expression is reflected by enrichment for activating and repressive histone modifications. The eight-cell signature is largely non-overlapping with that defined from fetal liver, neither was it correlated with adult liver or other tissues analysed. The number of sex-dimorphic genes increases throughout development. We identified many more dimorphic genes in adult compared to fetal liver. However, approximately two thirds of the dimorphic genes identified in fetal liver were also dimorphic in adult liver. Sex-biased expression differences unique to adult liver were enriched for growth hormone-responsiveness. Sexually dimorphic gene expression in pre-implantation development is driven by sex-chromosome based transcription, whilst later development is characterised by sex dimorphic autosomal transcription.
conclusionThis systematic study identifies three distinct phases of sex dimorphism throughout mouse development, and has significant implications for understanding the developmental origins of sex-specific phenotypes and disease in mammals.
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