ArticleExperimental eye research2015
Loss of mTOR signaling affects cone function, cone structure and expression of cone specific proteins without affecting cone survival.
Article in Experimental eye research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- VIRMA modulates function of photoreceptor cells through m6A modification and alternative splicing.JCI insight · 2026Article
- The Central Role of Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Retinopathy: Advances in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapy.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Role of alpha-1 antitrypsin in Bruch's membrane integrity.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Pten Loss Triggers Progressive Photoreceptor Degeneration in an mTORC1-Independent Manner.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Phospho-seq: integrated, multi-modal profiling of intracellular protein dynamics in single cells.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Development of TRIB3-Based Therapy as a Gene-Independent Approach to Treat Retinal Degenerative Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Mechanism of Cone Degeneration in Retinitis Pigmentosa.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
- Crosstalk between the mTOR pathway and primary cilia in human diseases.Current topics in developmental biology · 2023Review
- Mettl14-mediated m6A modification is essential for visual function and retinal photoreceptor survival.BMC biology · 2022Article
- mTORC1 regulates high levels of protein synthesis in retinal ganglion cells of adult mice.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2022Article
- Developmental toxicity and neurotoxicity assessment of R-, S-, and RS-propylene glycol enantiomers in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- The interplay of environmental luminance and genetics in the retinal dystrophy induced by the dominant RPE65 mutation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Beyond Genetics: The Role of Metabolism in Photoreceptor Survival, Development and Repair.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- The role of the mTOR pathway in diabetic retinopathy.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Review
- HK2 Mediated Glycolytic Metabolism in Mouse Photoreceptors Is Not Required to Cause Late Stage Age-Related Macular Degeneration-Like Pathologies.Biomolecules · 2021Article
- mTORC1 Activation inOxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2021Article
- Mitochondria: The Retina's Achilles' Heel in AMD.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Article
- Developmental exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of bifenthrin alters transcription of mTOR and ryanodine receptor-dependent signaling molecules and impairs predator avoidance behavior across early life stages in inland silversides (Menidia beryllina).Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2019Article
- Aerobic Glycolysis Is Essential for Normal Rod Function and Controls Secondary Cone Death in Retinitis Pigmentosa.Cell reports · 2018Article
- The molecular and cellular basis of rhodopsin retinitis pigmentosa reveals potential strategies for therapy.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Cones are the primary photoreceptor (PR) cells responsible for vision in humans. They are metabolically highly active requiring phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activity for long-term survival. One of the downstream targets of PI3K is the kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which is a key regulator of cell metabolism and growth, integrating nutrient availability and growth factor signals. Both PI3K and mTOR are part of the insulin/mTOR signaling pathway, however if mTOR is required for long-term PR survival remains unknown. This is of particular interest since deregulation of this pathway in diabetes results in reduced PR function before the onset of any clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy. mTOR is found in two distinct complexes (mTORC1 & mTORC2) that are characterized by their unique accessory proteins RAPTOR and RICTOR respectively. mTORC1 regulates mainly cell metabolism in response to nutrient availability and growth factor signals, while mTORC2 regulates pro-survival mechanisms in response to growth factors. Here we analyze the effect on cones of loss of mTORC1, mTORC2 and simultaneous loss of mTORC1 & mTORC2. Interestingly, neither loss of mTORC1 nor mTORC2 affects cone function or survival at one year of age. However, outer and inner segment morphology is affected upon loss of either complex. In contrast, concurrent loss of mTORC1 and mTORC2 leads to a reduction in cone function without affecting cone viability. The data indicates that PI3K mediated pro-survival signals diverge upstream of both mTOR complexes in cones, suggesting that they are independent of mTOR activity. Furthermore, the data may help explain why PR function is reduced in diabetes, which can lead to deregulation of both mTOR complexes simultaneously. Finally, although mTOR is a key regulator of cell metabolism, and PRs are metabolically highly active, the data suggests that the role of mTOR in regulating the metabolic transcriptome in healthy cones is minimal.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.