Trial reportPloS one2015
A preliminary randomized double blind placebo-controlled trial of intravenous immunoglobulin for Japanese encephalitis in Nepal.
Trial report in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT01856205 (A Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Immunoglobulin), which is not on this map. Cited by 28 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Trial to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) in Children With Japanese Encephalitis in Nepal
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Estimates of Japanese Encephalitis mortality and morbidity: A systematic review and modeling analysis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of intravenous immunoglobulins for the treatment of viral encephalitis: a systematic literature review.Journal of neurology · 2022Pooled it
- A need to raise the bar - A systematic review of temporal trends in diagnostics for Japanese encephalitis virus infection, and perspectives for future research.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2020Pooled it
- Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2019Guideline
- Intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of childhood encephalitis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- An Updated Review of Potential Drug Targets for Japanese Encephalitis.Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- A Scoping Review of Arthropod-Borne Flavivirus Infections in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients.Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society · 2024Article
- Monoclonal antibody applications in travel medicine.Tropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines · 2024Review
- Vector-Transmitted Flaviviruses: An Antiviral Molecules Overview.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Arthropod-borne encephalitis: an overview for the clinician and emerging considerations.Postgraduate medical journal · 2023Review
- Review
- Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus: A Comprehensive Review of Transmission, Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Prevention.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Clinical characteristics and short-term outcomes of Japanese encephalitis in pediatric and adult patients: a retrospective study in Northern China.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Molecular pathogenesis of Japanese encephalitis and possible therapeutic strategies.Archives of virology · 2022Review
- Efficacy and safety of intravenous high-dose immunoglobulin in treatment of the severe form of Japanese encephalitis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2022Article
- Efficacy of human immunoglobulin injection and effects on serum inflammatory cytokines in neonates with acute lung injury.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2021Article
- Review
- "Double Trouble": Severe Meningoencephalitis Due to Borrelia burgdorferi and Powassan Virus Co-Infection Successfully Treated with Intravenous Immunoglobulin.The American journal of case reports · 2021Article
- The Effect of a Combined Ganciclovir, Methylprednisolone, and Immunoglobulin Regimen on Survival and Functional Outcomes in Patients With Japanese Encephalitis.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
- Eastern equine encephalitis and use of IV immunoglobulin therapy and high-dose steroids.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2021Observational
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
17 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundJapanese encephalitis (JE) virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus found across Asia that is closely related to West Nile virus. There is no known antiviral treatment for any flavivirus. Results from in vitro studies and animal models suggest intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) containing virus-specific neutralizing antibody may be effective in improving outcome in viral encephalitis. IVIG's anti-inflammatory properties may also be beneficial. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsWe performed a pilot feasibility randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of IVIG containing anti-JEV neutralizing antibody (ImmunoRel, 400mg/kg/day for 5 days) in children with suspected JE at two sites in Nepal; we also examined the effect on serum neutralizing antibody titre and cytokine profiles. 22 children were recruited, 13 of whom had confirmed JE; 11 received IVIG and 11 placebo, with no protocol violations. One child (IVIG group) died during treatment and two (placebo) subsequently following hospital discharge. Overall, there was no difference in outcome between treatment groups at discharge or follow up. Passive transfer of anti-JEV antibody was seen in JEV negative children. JEV positive children treated with IVIG had JEV-specific neutralizing antibody titres approximately 16 times higher than those treated with placebo (p=0.2), which was more than could be explained by passive transfer alone. IL-4 and IL-6 were higher in the IVIG group. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: A trial of IVIG for JE in Nepal is feasible. IVIG may augment the development of neutralizing antibodies in JEV positive patients. IVIG appears an appealing option for JE treatment that warrants further study.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01856205.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.