ArticleBMC health services research2015
The aftermath of adverse events in Spanish primary care and hospital health professionals.
Article in BMC health services research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04486404 (Personal Protective Equipmente Needs, Perceptions and Acute Stress Among Healthcare Workers Caring for COVID-19 Patients in South America), which is not on this map. Cited by 56 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Personal Protective Equipmente Needs, Perceptions and Acute Stress Among Healthcare Workers Caring for COVID-19 Patients in South America
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 158 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of posttraumatic stress symptoms among physicians - A meta-analysis.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Pooled it
- Unveiling the hidden struggle of healthcare students as second victims through a systematic review.BMC medical education · 2024Pooled it
- Evidence for deprescription in primary care through an umbrella review.BMC family practice · 2020Pooled it
- Classifying Unsafe Health and Care Behaviors in the Context of Just Culture: A Comparative Video-Based Vignette Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Feeling of Guilt, Stress, and Self-Compassion Among Nursing Staff in the Workplace.Research in nursing & health · 2026Article
- Evaluation of second victim experiences and support needs among physicians and nurses.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Obstetric sonographers' second victim experiences following diagnostic error: implications for wellbeing, support and patient safety.Ultrasound (Leeds, England) · 2026Article
- The Symptoms and Impacts Experienced by Healthcare Professionals as Second Victims After a Safety Incident: A Scoping Review.Journal of advanced nursing · 2026Article
- Repercussions of the second victim phenomenon on health care workers: Scoping review.PloS one · 2026Article
- Patient safety and the second victim phenomenon in nursing and medical curricula: A qualitative study.International journal of nursing studies advances · 2025Article
- Preparing Medical Students and Physicians to Cope With Their Medical Errors: A Scoping Review.Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges · 2025Article
- The impact of adverse patient events among German anesthesiologists : A cross-sectional survey on the second victim phenomenon (SeViD-X).BMC anesthesiology · 2025Article
- Physicians' appraisal of parental concerns: a qualitative assessment.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2025Article
- Registered nurses' emotional responses to medication errors and perceived need for support: A qualitative descriptive analysis.Journal of advanced nursing · 2025Article
- Impact of second victim distress on healthcare professionals' intent to leave, absenteeism and resilience: A mediation model of organizational support.Journal of advanced nursing · 2025Article
- The second victim phenomenon´s impact in male and female healthcare workers: a scoping review.International journal for quality in health care : journal of the International Society for Quality in Health Care · 2025Article
- An Exploration of Safety Culture, Second Victim Phenomenon and Negative Work Outcomes in Health Care Settings.Journal of nursing scholarship : an official publication of Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing · 2025Article
- Factors influencing negative outcomes for nurses who experience patient safety incidents: An integrative review.International nursing review · 2025Review
- Assessing safety culture and second victim experience following adverse events among Romanian nurses: a cross-sectional study.BMC nursing · 2025Article
- The second victim phenomenon in medical education: Development of learning objectives based on the National Competency-based Catalogue of Learning Objectives for Undergraduate Medical Education (NKLM).GMS journal for medical education · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAdverse events (AEs) cause harm in patients and disturbance for the professionals involved in the event (second victims). This study assessed the impact of AEs in primary care (PC) and hospitals in Spain on second victims.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted. We carried out a survey based on a random sample of doctors and nurses from PC and hospital settings in Spain. A total of 1087 health professionals responded, 610 from PC and 477 from hospitals.
resultsA total of 430 health professionals (39.6%) had informed a patient of an error. Reporting to patients was carried out by those with the strongest safety culture (Odds Ratio -OR- 1.1, 95% Confidence Interval -CI- 1.0-1.2), nurses (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.5-2.3), those under 50 years of age (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.6-0.9) and primary care staff (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.5-0.9). A total of 381 (62.5%, 95% CI 59-66%) and 346 (72.5%, IC95% 69-77%) primary care and hospital health professionals, respectively, reported having gone through the second-victim experience, either directly or through a colleague, in the previous 5 years. The emotional responses were: feelings of guilt (521, 58.8%), anxiety (426, 49.6%), re-living the event (360, 42.2%), tiredness (341, 39.4%), insomnia (317, 38.0%) and persistent feelings of insecurity (284, 32.8%). In doctors, the most common responses were: feelings of guilt (OR 0.7 IC95% 0.6-0.8), re-living the event (OR 0.7, IC95% o.6-0.8), and anxiety (OR 0.8, IC95% 0.6-0.9), while nurses showed greater solidarity in terms of supporting the second victim, in both PC (p = 0.019) and hospital (p = 0.019) settings.
conclusionsAdverse events cause guilt, anxiety, and loss of confidence in health professionals. Most are involved in such events as second victims at least once in their careers. They rarely receive any training or education on coping strategies for this phenomenon.
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