Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25886187›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2015

Sexual violence against female sex workers in The Gambia: a cross-sectional examination of the associations between victimization and reproductive, sexual and mental health.

Jennifer A Sherwood, Ashley Grosso, Michele R Decker, Sarah Peitzmeier, Erin Papworth, Daouda Diouf, Fatou Maria Drame, Nuha Ceesay, Stefan Baral

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
37citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

37 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Jennifer A SherwoodJohns Hopkins School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St. #5041, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. jenifersherwood@gmail.com.
Ashley GrossoJohns Hopkins School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St. #5041, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. agrosso@jhpsh.edu.
Michele R DeckerJohns Hopkins School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St. #5041, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. mdecker@jhsph.edu.
Sarah PeitzmeierJohns Hopkins School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St. #5041, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. speitzme@jhsph.edu.
Erin PapworthJohns Hopkins School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St. #5041, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. epapwort@jhuccp.org.
Daouda DioufEnda Santé Senegal, 56, Comico VDN, BP, 3370, Dakar, Sénégal. dioufda@endatiersmonde.org.
Fatou Maria DrameUniversity of Gaston Berger, P.O. Box 17470, St Louis, Sénégal. fatou-maria.drame@ugb.edu.sn.
Nuha CeesayLilunga House, Fifth Floor, Somhlolo Street, Mbabane, Swaziland. ceesayn@unaids.org.
Stefan BaralJohns Hopkins School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St. #5041, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. sbaral@jhsph.edu.

Funding

Vaccine Response and Immunotherapeutics SWGP30AI094189 · NIAID · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Bryan Lau · 2012 to 2026
$67.0M
NIAID NIH HHS P30 AI094189
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFemale sex workers (FSW) are a vulnerable population for sexual violence and poor sexual and reproductive health outcomes. Sexual violence against FSW has not been widely studied in The Gambia. This study will report the prevalence of and evaluate the health issues correlated with forced sex perpetrated by clients against FSW in The Gambia, and will secondly aim to inform future research and efforts to improve health outcomes for survivors of violence.

methodsA cross-sectional survey was administered among 251 FSW accrued through a combination of chain referral and venue-based sampling in The Gambia. Eligibility criteria included being over 16 years old and having exchanged sex for money, goods, or favors in the past 12 months.

resultsThere is a high prevalence of sexual violence against FSW in The Gambia, with 29% (n = 70) of participants reporting a client forced them to have sex in their lifetime. Women who reported forced sex by a client were more likely to report symptoms of depression (aOR 2.15, CI: 1.10-4.16 p < 0.05), unwanted pregnancy (aOR: 2.69, CI: 1.12-6.49 p < 0.05) and report "no", "difficult" or "somewhat difficult" access to condoms (aOR: 3.31, CI: 1.76-6.26 p < .01) compared to women who did not report forced sex. Client-perpetrated forced sex was also negatively associated with receiving any sexually transmitted infection (STI) test in the past 12 months (aOR: 0.49, CI: .26-.91 p < .05).

conclusionFSW who experience sexual violence by a client are more likely to experience poor sexual, reproductive and mental health outcomes. Responding to sexual violence among FSW, including providing survivors with access to post-exposure prophylaxis, emergency contraception, and mental health services, must be a priority given the prevalence of forced sex and links with poor health outcomes. Efforts to reduce sexual violence against FSW is a vital strategy to improve the health and safety of FSW as well as impact the spread of HIV/STIs in The Gambia.

Indexed as

Mental HealthReproductive HealthSex WorkersAdolescentAdultCrime VictimsCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleGambiaHealth Services AccessibilityHumansMiddle AgedPost-Exposure ProphylaxisPregnancyPregnancy, UnwantedPrevalence

Identifiers

PMID25886187
PMCPMC4375842

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.