ArticleBMC public health2015
Child survival and BCG vaccination: a community based prospective cohort study in Uganda.
Article in BMC public health, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02606526 (A Randomised Controlled Trial in HIV-1 Exposed Ugandan Infants to Estimate Additional Benefits), which is not on this map. Cited by 62 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomised Controlled Trial in HIV-1 Exposed Ugandan Infants to Estimate Additional Benefits (Non-specific Effects) of BCG
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of BCG vaccination on infection and antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2-The results of ProBCG: a multicenter randomized clinical trial in Brazil.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2023Trial
- Functional in-vitro evaluation of the non-specific effects of BCG vaccination in a randomised controlled clinical study.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Timeliness of childhood vaccination in Iran: Survival analysis of a national immunization survey, 2019.IJID regions · 2026Article
- Trained immunity modulators: A new frontier in immunoregulation and disease intervention.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- From Chronic Inflammation to Cancer: The Role of Trained Immunity in IBD-Associated Colorectal Carcinogenesis.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Low hypoxia tolerance as a determinant of the proinflammatory phenotype: a trained immunity perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Hyper-inflammation and immunosuppression: redefining sepsis therapy using modern approaches.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- The TRIM-cancer paradox: BCG as a programmable vaccine platform and a mechanistic probe for rational immunotherapy design.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Unleashing the power of the BCG vaccine in modulating viral immunity through heterologous protection: A scoping review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- The impact of interferon-γ pathway on trained immunity induction by vaccination with Bacille Calmette-Guérin.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Microbial cancer immunotherapy reprograms hematopoiesis to enhance myeloid-driven anti-tumor immunity.Cancer cell · 2025Article
- Trained immunity in chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- Immune Memory: A New Frontier in Treating Recurrent Inflammatory Skin Diseases.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Stability of cytokine, cellular and clinical response to the intravenous LPS challenge repeated after one year: a healthy volunteer trial.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2025Article
- Bacille Calmette-Guérin-specific IgG titres among infants born to mothers with active tuberculosis disease in Uganda.BMC immunology · 2025Article
- Production of IL-1β and IL-10 by Blood Cells of Rats before and One Month after Sublethal Hypoxic Exposure in a Decompression Chamber.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2025Article
- Epigenetic Regulation of Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells in Salt-Sensitive Hypertension.Circulation research · 2025Review
- Immune pre-stimulation by injected yeast beta-glucan as a strategy to prevent calf diarrhea and bovine respiratory disease during the first 74 days of age.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundData on non-specific effects of BCG vaccination in well described, general population African cohorts is scanty. We report the effects of BCG vaccination on post-neonatal infant and post-infancy mortality in a cohort of children in Mbale, Eastern Uganda.
methodsA community-based prospective cohort study was conducted between January 2006 and February 2014. A total of 819 eligible pregnant women were followed up for pregnancy outcomes and survival of their children up to 5 years of age. Data on the children's BCG vaccination status was collected from child health cards at multiple visits between 3 weeks and 7 years of age. Data was also collected on mothers' residence, age, parity, household income, self-reported HIV status as well as place of birth. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models taking into account potential confounders were used to estimate the association between BCG vaccination and child survival.
resultsThe neonatal mortality risk was 22 (95% CI: 13, 35), post-neonatal infant mortality 21 (12, 34) per 1,000 live births and the mortality risk among children between 1 and 5 years of age (post-infancy) was 63 (47, 82) per 1,000 live births. The median age at BCG vaccination was 4 days. Out of 819 children, 647 (79%) had received the BCG vaccine by 24 weeks of age. In the adjusted analysis, the rate of post-neonatal death among infants vaccinated with BCG tended to be nearly half of that among those who had not received the vaccine (adjusted HR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.14, 1.53). BCG vaccination was associated with a lower rate of death among children between 1 and 5 years of age (adjusted HR: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.48).
conclusionThe risk of early childhood death in Mbale, Uganda is unacceptably high. BCG vaccination was associated with an increased likelihood of child survival.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.