Trial reportMalaria journal2015
The effect of immunization schedule with the malaria vaccine candidate RTS,S/AS01E on protective efficacy and anti-circumsporozoite protein antibody avidity in African infants.
Trial report in Malaria journal, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00436007 (Safety and Immunogenicity Study of GSK Biologicals' Investigational Vaccination Regimen Malaria Vaccine 257049, When Incorporated Into an Expanded Program on Immunization), which is not on this map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Safety and Immunogenicity Study of GSK Biologicals' Investigational Vaccination Regimen Malaria Vaccine 257049, When Incorporated Into an Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) Regimen That Includes Tritanrix HepB/Hib, OPV, Measles and Yellow Fever Vaccination in Infants
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- R21/Matrix-M malaria vaccine drives diverse immune responses in pre-exposed adults: insights from a phase IIb controlled human malaria infection trial.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- Could Less Be More? Accounting for Fractional-Dose Regimens and Different Number of Vaccine Doses When Measuring the Impact of the RTS,S/AS01E Malaria Vaccine.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- Efficacy of RTS,S/AS01The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2022Trial
- A Phase IIa Controlled Human Malaria Infection and Immunogenicity Study of RTS,S/AS01E and RTS,S/AS01B Delayed Fractional Dose Regimens in Malaria-Naive Adults.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020Trial
- Concentration and avidity of antibodies to different circumsporozoite epitopes correlate with RTS,S/AS01E malaria vaccine efficacy.Nature communications · 2019Trial
- Baseline exposure, antibody subclass, and hepatitis B response differentially affect malaria protective immunity following RTS,S/AS01E vaccination in African children.BMC medicine · 2018Trial
- Evaluation of plasma anti-CS3 and anti-LTB IgG avidity among Zambian children vaccinated with ETVAX.PloS one · 2026Article
- Relationship between antibody avidity, Fc-mediated functional activity and longevity of malaria vaccine responses in clinical trials.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- A Comparative Evaluation of Adjuvants for Enhancing Antibody Responses to a Nanoparticle-Based Malaria Vaccine.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Malaria vaccine efficacy, safety, and community perception in Africa: a scoping review of recent empirical studies.Infection · 2024Article
- PvDBPII elicits multiple antibody-mediated mechanisms that reduce growth in a Plasmodium vivax challenge trial.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Malaria transmission-blocking conjugate vaccine in ALFQ adjuvant induces durable functional immune responses in rhesus macaques.NPJ vaccines · 2021Article
- Subclass and avidity of circumsporozoite protein specific antibodies associate with protection status against malaria infection.NPJ vaccines · 2021Article
- Antibody avidity, persistence, and response to antigen recall: comparison of vaccine adjuvants.NPJ vaccines · 2021Article
- Article
- Measuring antibody avidity to Plasmodium falciparum merozoite antigens using a multiplex immunoassay approach.Malaria journal · 2020Article
- [The RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine in children aged 5-17 months at first vaccination].The Pan African medical journal · 2018Review
- Safety and Immunological Efficacy of a DNA Vaccine Encoding the Androgen Receptor Ligand-Binding Domain (AR-LBD).The Prostate · 2017Article
- Avidity of anti-malarial antibodies inversely related to transmission intensity at three sites in Uganda.Malaria journal · 2017Article
- Viral Vector Malaria Vaccines Induce High-Level T Cell and Antibody Responses in West African Children and Infants.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 9 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe malaria vaccine RTS,S induces antibodies against the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP) and the concentration of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) against the repeat region of CSP following vaccination is associated with protection from P. falciparum malaria. So far, only the quantity of anti-CSP IgG has been measured and used to predict vaccination success, although quality (measured as avidity) of the antigen-antibody interaction shall be important since only a few sporozoites circulate for a short time after an infectious mosquito bite, likely requiring fast and strong binding.
methodsQuantity and avidity of anti-CSP IgG in African infants who received RTS,S/AS01E in a 0-1-2-month or a 0-1-7-month schedule in a phase 2 clinical trial were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antibody avidity was defined as the proportion of IgG able to bind in the presence of a chaotropic agent (avidity index). The effect of CSP-specific IgG concentration and avidity on protective efficacy was modelled using Cox proportional hazards.
resultsAfter the third dose, quantity and avidity were similar between the two vaccination schedules. IgG avidity after the last vaccine injection was not associated with protection, whereas the change in avidity following second and third RTS,S/AS01E injection was associated with a 54% risk reduction of getting malaria (hazard ratio: 0.46; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.22-0.99) in those participants with a change in avidity above the median. The change in anti-CSP IgG concentration following second and third injection was associated with a 77% risk reduction of getting malaria (hazard ratio: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.11-0.51).
conclusionsChange in IgG response between vaccine doses merits further evaluation as a surrogate marker for RTS,S efficacy.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT00436007 .
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.