ArticlePloS one2015
Prognostic value of tumor-associated macrophages according to histologic locations and hormone receptor status in breast cancer.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 129 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Prognostic and Clinical Value of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Patients With Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Prognostic significance of tumor-associated macrophages in breast cancer: a meta-analysis of the literature.Oncotarget · 2017Pooled it
- Stromal-based proteome data improve stratification of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.NPJ breast cancer · 2026Article
- The Role of Lactobacillus Strain Probiotics in Breast Cancer: Strain-Specific Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential Beyond Probiotics.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- CD155 Expression in Invasive Breast Carcinoma: Association with Immune Tumor Microenvironment.Iranian journal of pathology · 2026Article
- Inside the Tumor: Decoding the Feline Mammary Tumor Microenvironment and Its Prognostic Value-A Review.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Breast Cancer and Tumor Microenvironment: The Crucial Role of Immune Cells.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Review
- Effects of gut microbiota in breast cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- The landscape and clinical impact of tumor-associated macrophages and PD-L1 in primary breast cancers and their brain metastases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Tumor Microenvironment Modulation by Tumor-Associated Macrophages: Implications for Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Response in Breast Cancer.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2025Article
- The role of the gut microbiota in shaping the tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy of breast cancer.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Siglec-7 and Siglec-9 expression in primary triple negative and oestrogen receptor positive breast cancer andClinical & translational immunology · 2024Article
- Immunohistochemical Expression of CD47 and CD68 in Breast Carcinoma and Their Prognostic Value.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2024Article
- Detailed Profiling of the Tumor Microenvironment in Ethnic Breast Cancer, Using Tissue Microarrays and Multiplex Immunofluorescence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Pan-cancer analysis of DDIT4 identifying its prognostic value and function in acute myeloid leukemia.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2024Article
- Defining and targeting macrophage heterogeneity in the mammary gland and breast cancer.Cancer medicine · 2024Review
- Tumor associated macrophages in breast cancer progression: implications and clinical relevance.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Deconvolution of cancer cell states by the XDec-SM method.PLoS computational biology · 2023Article
- Review
- Breast Cancer Survival Outcomes and Tumor-Associated Macrophage Markers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Oncology and therapy · 2023Review
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are involved in tumor progression by promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), tumor cell invasion, migration and angiogenesis. However, in breast cancer, the clinical relevance of the TAM infiltration according to distinct histologic locations (intratumoral vs. stromal) and hormone receptor status is unclear. We investigated the significance of the levels of TAM infiltration in distinct histologic locations in invasive breast cancer. We also examined the relationship of the TAM levels with the clinicopathologic features of tumors, expression of EMT markers, and clinical outcomes. Finally, we analyzed the prognostic value of TAM levels according to hormone receptor status. High levels of infiltration of intratumoral, stromal and total TAMs were associated with high histologic grade, p53 overexpression, high Ki-67 proliferation index and negative hormone receptor status. Infiltration of TAMs was also correlated with overexpression of vimentin, smooth muscle actin and alteration of β-catenin. Overall, a high level of infiltration of intratumoral TAMs was associated with poor disease-free survival, and was found to be an independent prognostic factor. In subgroup analyses by hormone receptor status, a high level of infiltration of intratumoral TAM was an independent prognostic factor in the hormone receptor-positive subgroup, but not in the hormone-receptor negative subgroup. Our findings suggest that intratumoral TAMs play an important role in tumor progression in breast cancer, especially in the hormone receptor-positive group, and the level of TAM infiltration may be used as a prognostic factor and even a therapeutic target in breast cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.