ArticleInternational forum of allergy & rhinology2015
Allergic sensitization, rhinitis, and tobacco smoke exposure in U.S. children and adolescents.
Article in International forum of allergy & rhinology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Heterogeneity in Adult Rhinitis: Symptom-Sensitization Concordance and Asthma Burden.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2026Article
- Environmental exposure to air pollution and climate: Intersecting the impact on ear and nose health and chemosensory function (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Clinical characteristics and associated factors of airway allergic diseases among children: a cross-sectional study in a district of Beijing.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Allergic rhinitis and asthma: drivers of otitis media and associated tympanostomy tube placement.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2025Article
- Pregnancy Rhinitis: Pathophysiological Mechanisms, Diagnostic Challenges, and Management Strategies-A Narrative Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The relationship between prebiotic intake and allergic rhinitis.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2023Article
- Microbiome in Nasal Mucosa of Children and Adolescents with Allergic Rhinitis: A Systematic Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- When the allergy alarm bells toll: The role of Toll-like receptors in allergic diseases and treatment.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Review
- Association between atopic diseases and neurodevelopmental disabilities in a longitudinal birth cohort.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2022Article
- Allergic rhinitis, microbiota and passive smoke in children: A pilot study.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2022Article
- The effect of fine particulate matter exposure on allergic rhinitis of adolescents aged 10-13 years: A cross-sectional study from Chongqing, China.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Active smoking effect in allergic rhinitis.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2021Article
- Mechanisms of Particles in Sensitization, Effector Function and Therapy of Allergic Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- "Effects of Tobacco Smoke on Aeroallergen Sensitization and Clinical Severity among University Students and Staff with Allergic Rhinitis".Journal of environmental and public health · 2020Article
- Smoking history is negatively associated with allergen specific immunotherapy efficacy: a retrospective analysis.Postepy dermatologii i alergologii · 2019Article
- Influence of cigarette smoking on allergic rhinitis: a comparative study on smokers and non-smokers.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2019Article
- Aeroallergens, air pollutants, and chronic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis.World journal of otorhinolaryngology - head and neck surgery · 2018Review
- International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2018Article
- Smoking, environmental tobacco smoke and occupational irritants increase the risk of chronic rhinitis.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2018Article
- Prevalence of Self-reported Allergic Diseases and IgE Levels: A 2010 KNHANES Analysis.Allergy, asthma & immunology research · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedErratum.2015
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChildhood tobacco exposure has been linked with sinonasal pathology, and may be associated with allergic sensitization. This study evaluates the association between exposure to active smoking or secondhand smoke (SHS) and the prevalence of rhinitis and allergic sensitization in the U.S. pediatric population.
methodsCross-sectional study in 2714 children and adolescents aged 6 to 19 in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2005-2006. Active smoking was defined as self-reported smoking or serum cotinine concentrations >10 ng/mL. SHS was defined as nonactive smokers who reported living with ≥1 smokers or had serum cotinine ≥0.011 ng/mL. Self-reported rhinitis was based on symptoms during the past 12 months, and allergen sensitization was defined as a positive response to any of the 19 specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antigens tested.
resultsAbout half of the population (54%) had detectable levels of IgE specific to at least 1 of the tested allergens, and 25% reported a history of rhinitis. After multivariate adjustment, an increased prevalence rate ratio (PRR) of self-reported rhinitis was seen in individuals in the highest cotinine tertile among active smokers (PRR, 1.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23 to 2.43), with a significant trend between increasing cotinine levels in individuals exposed to either secondhand smoke or active smoking (p = 0.05 for both analyses). Significantly less food allergen sensitization was observed in participants in the highest cotinine tertile of secondhand smoke (PRR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.85).
conclusionTobacco smoke exposure was associated with increased prevalence of rhinitis symptoms, but decreased prevalence of allergic sensitization. The results highlight the complex relationship between tobacco exposure and sinonasal pathology.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.