ArticleBMC pediatrics2015
A method for reporting and classifying acute infectious diseases in a prospective study of young children: TEDDY.
Article in BMC pediatrics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microbial associations and viruses on the risk of celiac disease (MAVRiC): a longitudinal post-hoc case-cohort study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association of fever and infections with the subsequent risk of atopic diseases in children with genetic susceptibility for T1D: Results from the TEDDY cohort study.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2025Article
- Infection episodes and islet autoantibodies in children at increased risk for type 1 diabetes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.Infection · 2024Article
- Gastrointestinal Infections Modulate the Risk for Insulin Autoantibodies as the First-Appearing Autoantibody in the TEDDY Study.Diabetes care · 2023Article
- A surge in serum mucosal cytokines associated with seroconversion in children at risk for type 1 diabetes.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2023Article
- Possible heterogeneity of initial pancreatic islet beta-cell autoimmunity heralding type 1 diabetes.Journal of internal medicine · 2023Review
- Sequential data mining of infection patterns as predictors for onset of type 1 diabetes in genetically at-risk individuals.Journal of biomedical informatics · 2023Article
- Birth cohort studies using symptom diaries for assessing respiratory diseases-a scoping review.PloS one · 2022Article
- A combined risk score enhances prediction of type 1 diabetes among susceptible children.Nature medicine · 2020Article
- The relationship between breastfeeding and reported respiratory and gastrointestinal infection rates in young children.BMC pediatrics · 2019Observational
- The association between stressful life events and respiratory infections during the first 4 years of life: The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young study.Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2019Article
- The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) Study: 2018 Update.Current diabetes reports · 2018Review
- Molecular epidemiology of enteroviruses in young children at increased risk of type 1 diabetes.PloS one · 2018Article
- Prediabetes in youth - mechanisms and biomarkers.The Lancet. Child & adolescent health · 2017Article
- Respiratory infections are temporally associated with initiation of type 1 diabetes autoimmunity: the TEDDY study.Diabetologia · 2017Article
- Analgesic antipyretic use among young children in the TEDDY study: no association with islet autoimmunity.BMC pediatrics · 2017Article
- Factors That Increase Risk of Celiac Disease Autoimmunity After a Gastrointestinal Infection in Early Life.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2017Article
- Association of Early Exposure of Probiotics and Islet Autoimmunity in the TEDDY Study.JAMA pediatrics · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 8 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEarly childhood environmental exposures, possibly infections, may be responsible for triggering islet autoimmunity and progression to type 1 diabetes (T1D). The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) follows children with increased HLA-related genetic risk for future T1D. TEDDY asks parents to prospectively record the child's infections using a diary book. The present paper shows how these large amounts of partially structured data were reduced into quantitative data-sets and further categorized into system-specific infectious disease episodes. The numbers and frequencies of acute infections and infectious episodes are shown.
methodsStudy subjects (n = 3463) included children who had attended study visits every three months from age 3 months to 4 years, without missing two or more consecutive visits during the follow-up. Parents recorded illnesses prospectively in a TEDDY Book at home. The data were entered into the study database during study visits using ICD-10 codes by a research nurse. TEDDY investigators grouped ICD-10 codes and fever reports into infectious disease entities and further arranged them into four main categories of infectious episodes: respiratory, gastrointestinal, other, and unknown febrile episodes. Incidence rate of infections was modeled as function of gender, HLA-DQ genetic risk group and study center using the Poisson regression.
resultsA total of 113,884 ICD-10 code reports for infectious diseases recorded in the database were reduced to 71,578 infectious episodes, including 74.0% respiratory, 13.1% gastrointestinal, 5.7% other infectious episodes and 7.2% febrile episodes. Respiratory and gastrointestinal infectious episodes were more frequent during winter. Infectious episode rates peaked at 6 months and began declining after 18 months of age. The overall infectious episode rate was 5.2 episodes per person-year and varied significantly by country of residence, sex and HLA genotype.
conclusionsThe data reduction and categorization process developed by TEDDY enables analysis of single infectious agents as well as larger arrays of infectious agents or clinical disease entities. The preliminary descriptive analyses of the incidence of infections among TEDDY participants younger than 4 years fits well with general knowledge of infectious disease epidemiology. This protocol can be used as a template in forthcoming time-dependent TEDDY analyses and in other epidemiological studies.
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